Che105 Balancing The Eq

T.R.N.C.
UNIVERSİTY OF KYRENIA
BASİC COURSES COORDİNATİON UNIT
GENERAL CHEMISTRY COURSE
CHE 105
BALANCİNG CHEMİCAL
EQUATION
Prof. Dr.Levent KAYRIN

University of Kyrenia
Medical Faculty
Department of M.Biochemistry
Kyrenia-T.R.N.C
TRY TO CLASSIFY THESE:
1) C4H8 + 6O2  4CO2 + 4H2O

• Combustion (of a hydrocarbon)
2) HCl + NaOH  H2O + NaCl
• Double replacement (water forming)
3) 2KNO3(s)  2KNO2(s) + O2(g)
• Decomposition
TRY TO CLASSIFY THESE:
4) 2Ag + S  Ag2S
• Synthesis
5) MgCO3(s)  MgO(s) + CO2(g)
• Decomposition
6) Cl2 + 2KBr  2KCl + Br2
• Single Replacement
Counting Atoms
SnO2 + 2H2 → Sn + 2H2O
COEFFICIENT
SUBSCRIPT
Rules for Counting Atoms
1)Coefficients propagate to the right through the
entire compound, whether or not parentheses
are present.
2) Subscripts affect only the element to the left of

the subscript, unless…
3) If a subscript occurs to the right of a

parentheses, the subscript propagates to the left
through the parentheses.
4) When a coefficient and subscript “meet”, you

must multiply the two.
Examples of Counting Atoms
SnO2 + 2H2 → Sn + 2H2O
2 C4H10 + 13 O2 → 8 CO2 + 10 H2O
Cu + 2AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
3Pb(NO3)2 + 2AlCl3 → 3PbCl2 + 2Al(NO3)3

Classwork
Complete “The Count” worksheet
on counting atoms in chemical
reactions.
Warm-Up
2Ca3(PO4)2 + 6 SiO2 + 10C 
6 CaSiO3 + P4 +10CO
Atom # Atoms on # Atoms on
Left Side Right Side
Ca 6 6
P 4 4
O 28 28
Si 6 6
C 10 10
Unbalanced and Balanced Equations
Cl Cl
H H
Cl H
Cl Cl Cl
H
Cl
H
H
H2 + Cl2  HCl (unbalanced) H2 + Cl2  2 HCl (balanced)

reactants products reactants products
H 2 1 H 2 2
Cl 2 1 Cl 2 2
Rules for Balancing
Chemical Reactions
__H2 + __ O2  __H2O
Balancing is about finding the

right coefficients!
Rules for Balancing
Chemical Reactions
1) You can change the coefficients, but NEVER the

subscripts!
__H2 + __ O2  __H2O
Off Limits!
Rules for Balancing
Chemical Reactions
2) The coefficients must reduced to represent the

lowest possible numbers.
4H2 + 2 O2  4H2O
Rules for Balancing
Chemical Reactions
3) It is OK to use fraction coefficients, but you must
get rid of them in the end (multiply through by
denominator).
H2 + ½ O2  H2O
Rules for Balancing
Chemical Reactions
4) Often, it is helpful to save the following elements
until the end (do other elements first):
H, C, O
Rules for Balancing
Chemical Reactions
5) Do a final balance check for each element!
2H2 + O2  2H2O
Balancing a chemical equation
1. Begin with atoms that appear in only one compound on the left and right.
2. If an atom occurs as a free element, balance it last.
3. Change only coefficients (not formulas).
C3H8(g) + O2(g)  CO2(g) + H2O(g)
last
Always double check!

C3H8(g) + O2(g)  CO2(g) + H2O(g)
C3H8(g) + O2(g)  3CO2(g) + H2O(g)
C3H8(g) + O2(g)  3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)  3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)
2C3H8(g) + 10O2(g)  6CO2(g) + 8H2O(g) x2
3C3H8(g) + 15O2(g)  9CO2(g) + 12H2O(g) x3
Lowest set of numbers

3
1__ C H OH(l) + __ 2 3
2 5 O (g)
2  __ CO2(g) + __ H2O(g)
1 1 1 2
__ PbCl2(aq) + __ K2SO4(aq)  __ PbSO4(s) + __ KCl(aq)
1 2 1 1
__ CaC2(s) + __ H2O(l)  __ Ca(OH)2(s) + __ C2H2(g)
2 Fe(s) + 3/2
__ 1 Fe2O3(s)
____ O2(g)  __
4 3 2
2 Fe(s)
__ + 3/2 O (g)
____ 2  __1Fe O (s)
2 3
Notes: Always use the lowest possible integer numbers.
If you get a fraction, multiply it out.

1 11/2 2 5
__ B4H10(g) + ____ O2(g)  __ B2O3(g) + __ H2O(g)
2 11 4 10
Balance a chemical equation
• “Solid potassium reacts with water to form hydrogen gas
and potassium hydroxide dissolved in solution.”
• Write and balance the chemical equation for this reaction.
1 K(s) +2 H2O(l) → 1 KOH(aq) +1 H2

2 2
2 3 4 + Mg(OH)2  Mg3(PO4)2
(NH4)3PO + 6 NH?
4OH
ammonium phosphate magnesium hydroxide magnesium phosphate ammonium hydroxide

NH41+ OH1-
Now you try…
2 33
AlCl + Li2CO3  Al2(CO3)63 + LiCl
1) K + Br  KBr
2) HgO  Hg + O2
3) Na + H2O  NaOH + H2
4) CaO + H2O  Ca(OH)2
5) Al + HCl  AlCl3 + H2

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T.R.N.C.

Prof. Dr.Levent KAYRIN

1) C4H8 + 6O2  4CO2 + 4H2O

2) Subscripts affect only the element to the left of

3) If a subscript occurs to the right of a

4) When a coefficient and subscript “meet”, you

SnO2 + 2H2 → Sn + 2H2O

2 C4H10 + 13 O2 → 8 CO2 + 10 H2O

Cu + 2AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag

3Pb(NO3)2 + 2AlCl3 → 3PbCl2 + 2Al(NO3)3

H2 + Cl2  HCl (unbalanced) H2 + Cl2  2 HCl (balanced)

Balancing is about finding the

1) You can change the coefficients, but NEVER the

2) The coefficients must reduced to represent the

2. If an atom occurs as a free element, balance it last.

3. Change only coefficients (not formulas).

C3H8(g) + O2(g)  CO2(g) + H2O(g)

Always double check!

C3H8(g) + O2(g)  3CO2(g) + H2O(g)

C3H8(g) + O2(g)  3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)

C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)  3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)

2C3H8(g) + 10O2(g)  6CO2(g) + 8H2O(g) x2

3C3H8(g) + 15O2(g)  9CO2(g) + 12H2O(g) x3

Lowest set of numbers

Notes: Always use the lowest possible integer numbers.

If you get a fraction, multiply it out.

• Write and balance the chemical equation for this reaction.

1 K(s) +2 H2O(l) → 1 KOH(aq) +1 H2

ammonium phosphate magnesium hydroxide magnesium phosphate ammonium hydroxide

Now you try…

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