The Functional Matrix Hypothesis Revisited-2.: The Role of An Osseous Connected Cellular Network

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THE FUNCTIONAL MATRIX HYPOTHESIS

REVISITED-2.
The role of an osseous connected cellular network.
American Journal of Orthodontics
and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 1997
MELVIN L. MOSS, DDS, PhD
DR. HARSHA KH
1ST YEAR PG
DEPT. OF. ORTHODONTICS AND
DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPAEDICS
FUNCTIONAL MATRIX THEORY
It is proposed by Melvin Moss in 1962.

The concept that “form follows function”
was 1st proposed by Vander Klaaw (1948-
1952).
 Functional matrix theory is extension of
this concept.
 He stressed the dominance of non-
osseous structures of the craniofacial
complex over the skeletal components.
BONE AS AN OSSEOUS CONNECTED CELLULAR NETWORK
(CNN)
 All bone cells, except osteoclasts are extensively interconnected by gap

junctions that form an osseous Connected Cellular Network (CCN)
 In these junctions, CONNEXIN 43 is a major protein.
 Gap junctions connect superficial osteocytes to
periosteal and endosteal osteoblast.
 Gap junctions permit intercellular transmission of
ions and small molecules. They are electrical
synapses and permit bidirectional signal traffic.
 A CCN is operationally analogous to an “artificial neural network”
in which massively parallel or parallel–distributed signal
processing occurs. It computationally processes, in a multi-
processor network mode, the intercellular signal created by an
electrical type of mechanotransduction of periosteal functional
matrix stimuli.
 Subsequently, the computed network output informational signal

move hierarchically “upward” to regulate the skeletal unit
adaptational responses the osteoblasts.
Initial layer- stimuli
Summation
Intracellular
signal
Hidden layer cells(adj
osteocytes)
Final layer cells

(Osteoblasts)
Output.
A skeletal CCN displays the following features
1. Developmentally, it is an untrained self-organized, self-

adopting and epigenetically regulated system.
2. Operationally, it is a stable, dynamic system that exhibits
oscillatory behavior permitting feedback.
3. Structurally, an osseous CCN is non modular, i.e., the
variations in its organization permit discrete processing of
different signals.
The role of periosteal functional matrices: new insight.
Ionic transport through the bone cell plasma membrane
Intercellular transmission are computed by the operation of an

osseous connected cellular network
Bone responses.
Mechanotransduction: a tentative synthesis
 Ability of periosteal functional matrices to regulate the adaptive responses of their

skeletal units by ionic mechanotransduction processes is related to several factors.
Normal muscle function strains

attached bone tissue
intermittently.
The dynamics of skeletal muscle
contraction fit rather nicely with the
energetic requirements for bone cell
responsiveness.
Range of specific strain frequency of
muscle dynamics are also those found to be
morphogenetically competent
Normal skeletal muscle activity produces

intraosseous electric fields on the order of
extrinsic fields found to be similar.
Bone cells may be stimulated – directly

by strain activated plasma membrane
channels and indirectly by electrokinetic
phenomena.
 These factors strongly suggest that bone appears to be closely “tuned”
to skeletal muscle i.e., skeletal units are tuned to their periosteal
functional matrices.
 When both the ionic membrane and the mechanical transductive
processes are combined with that of both electric field effects and of
contraction frequency energetics, they provide a logically sufficient
biophysical basis of support for the hypothesis of epigenetic regulation
of skeletal tissue adaptation.
 These two processes share a common final pathway, i.e., they
eventually produce signals regulatory of osteoblasitic activity.
CONCLUSION
 Where the original FMH version offered only verbal descriptions of

periosteal matrix function and skeletal unit response, the addition to
the FMH of the concepts of mechanotransduction and of
computational bone biology offers an explanatory chain extending
from the epigenetic event of skeletal muscle contraction,
hierarchically downward, through the cellular and molecular levels to
the bone cell genome, and then upward again, through histologic
levels to the event of gross bone form adaptational changes.

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THE FUNCTIONAL MATRIX HYPOTHESIS

MELVIN L. MOSS, DDS, PhD

It is proposed by Melvin Moss in 1962.

 All bone cells, except osteoclasts are extensively interconnected by gap

 Subsequently, the computed network output informational signal

Final layer cells

1. Developmentally, it is an untrained self-organized, self-

Ionic transport through the bone cell plasma membrane

Intercellular transmission are computed by the operation of an

 Ability of periosteal functional matrices to regulate the adaptive responses of their

Normal muscle function strains

Normal skeletal muscle activity produces

Bone cells may be stimulated – directly

 Where the original FMH version offered only verbal descriptions of

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