SQL Param

SQL
(Structured Query
Language)
Submitted to: Submitted By:
Ms. Babita Paramjit kaur
Table Contents
 Definition
 Introduction
 What can SQL do?
 RDBMS
 Database Tabless
 Advantages of SQL
 Disadvantages of SQL
 SQL Statements
 Conclusion
2
Definition
SQL is a standard language for accessing

and manipulating databases.
3
Introduction
• SQL stands for Structured Query Language

• SQL lets you access and manipulate databases
• SQL became a standard of the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1986,
and of the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in 1987
4
5
What Can SQL do?
• SQL can execute queries against a

database
• SQL can retrieve data from a database
• SQL can insert records in a database
• SQL can update records in a database
• SQL can delete records from a database
• SQL can create new databases
●●●
6
What Can SQL do?
• SQL can create new tables in a database

• SQL can create stored procedures in a
database
• SQL can create views in a database
• SQL can set permissions on tables,
procedures, and views
●●●
7
What Can SQL do?
• Although SQL is an ANSI/ISO standard,
there are different versions of the SQL
language.
• However, to be compliant with the ANSI
standard, they all support at least the
major commands (such as SELECT,
UPDATE, DELETE, INSERT, WHERE) in a
similar manner.
8
RDBMS
• RDBMS stands for Relational Database
Management System.
• RDBMS is the basis for SQL, and for all modern
database systems such as MS SQL Server, IBM
DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft Access.
• The data in RDBMS is stored in database
objects called tables. A table is a collection of
related data entries and it consists of columns
and rows.
●●●
9
RDBMS
• Every table is broken up into smaller entities
called fields. The fields in the Customers table
consist of CustomerID, CustomerName,
ContactName, Address, City, PostalCode and
Country.
• A field is a column in a table that is designed to
maintain specific information about every
record in the table.
●●●
10
RDBMS
• A record, also called a row, is each individual
entry that exists in a table. For example,
there are 91 records in the above Customers
table. A record is a horizontal entity in a
table.
• A column is a vertical entity in a table that
contains all information associated with a
specific field in a table.
11
Database Tables
• A database most often contains one or more
tables. Each table is identified by a name
(e.g. "Customers" or "Orders").
• Tables contain records (rows) with data.
• The table above contains five records (one
for each customer) and seven columns
(CustomerID, CustomerName,
ContactName, Address, City, PostalCode,
and Country).
●●●
12
Database Tables
●●●
13
Advantages of SQL
• Faster and Efficient Query Processing - SQL works
with an efficient speed
• No Need for Coding Skills - There is no need for
large and complex code lines for data extraction.
• Portable
• Standardized Language
• Interactive Language
• Multiple Data Views
• Internet Usage
14
Disdvantages of SQL
• Complex Interface – SQL has a difficult
interface that makes few users
uncomfortable while dealing with the
database.
• Cost – Some versions are costly and hence,
programmers cannot access it.
• Partial Control
15
SQL Statements
• SELECT - extracts data from a database
• UPDATE - updates data in a database
• DELETE - deletes data from a database
• INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
• CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
• ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
• CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
• ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
• DROP TABLE - deletes a table
• CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
• DROP INDEX - deletes an index
16
Conclusion
 The breadth and scope of the SQL commands
provide the capability to create and manipulate a
wide variety of database objects using the various
CREATE , ALTER , and DROP commands.
 Those database objects then can be loaded with
data using commands such as INSERT .
17
Thank
you

SQL Param

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SQL

SQL is a standard language for accessing

• SQL stands for Structured Query Language

• SQL can execute queries against a

• SQL can create new tables in a database

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