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    Section 5 - Stress - Anxiety

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    Section 5 - Stress - Anxiety

    Uploaded by

    joselutp91
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    Section 5 - Stress _ Anxiety

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    1 views13 pages

    Section 5 - Stress - Anxiety

    Uploaded by

    joselutp91

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    BTEC National Sport

    Level 3
    Unit 6: Sport Psychology
    Learning Aims
    A – Understand how personality, motivation and competitive pressure
    can affect performance

    B – Examine the impact of group dynamics in team sports and its effect
    on performance

    C – Explore psychological skills training programmes designed to


    improve performance
    Stress
    ‘Mental or emotional response of the body to any
    demand made on it’
    There are 2 types of Stress:

    Eustress Distress
    Eustress
    - ‘Good’ form of stress, gives
    you feeling of fulfilment
    - Some athletes seek out
    stressful situations, as they
    like the challenge of pushing
    themselves to their limits
    - Helps increase skill level and
    focus attention on their sport
    - Increases intrinsic motivation
    levels.
    Distress
    - ‘Bad’ form of stress, normally
    what you mean when you
    discuss stress.
    - Extreme form of anxiety,
    nervousness, apprehension
    or worry resulting from
    perceived inability to meet
    demands
    - Can lead to excessive increase
    in arousal
    - Potential decrease in
    performance levels
    Stress Process
    e.g. last penalty in shoot-out
    Demand

    Perception of Positive Perception Negative Perception


    (Challenge) (Threat)
    Demand by Athlete

    Increased Arousal Eustress Distress


    (Increased energy +(Increased Worry)
    Levels motivation)

    Outcome Increased Reduced


    Performance Performance
    Anxiety
    Anxiety is the negative effects of stress caused by
    apprehension. Sporting situations can generate
    great volumes of stress heightened through the
    pressures of winning or a crowd.

    Some performers appear to


    be able to cope well with
    anxiety and stress while
    others will let anxiety affect
    performance greatly and
    even feel ill.
    Forms of Anxiety
    There are 2 types of anxiety that a performer may experience:

    Competitive Trait Anxiety:


    General disposition of a performer to perceive situations as threatening. Naturally
    anxious individuals will feel apprehensive often.

    Competitive State Anxiety:


    This form of anxiety occurs in particular
    situation. Linked to performers mood and
    therefore varies from moment to moment.
    e.g. Taking a penalty.
    Response to Anxiety
    There are 2 types of anxiety, both of which are linked and can
    fluctuate in the run up, during and after an event.
    Cognitive:
    Thoughts of worry and concern over perceived
    lack of ability to complete task. Usually prior to
    event (Nervousness + apprehension)

    Think. Pair. Share – In what sporting situations might cognitive


    anxiety be high?
    Response to Anxiety
    Somatic:
    Physiological responses. Increase heart rate, sweating, blood pressure rises, muscle
    tension. These symptoms usually reduce once the event has started.
    Consequences of Stress & Anxiety
    Constantly worrying about an event can make you think that you aren't good
    enough to succeed (decreased self-confidence). This can make you feel like you
    are less likely to win (decreased expectations of success)

    Heightened cognitive anxiety – increase of nervousness, apprehension or worry

    Athletes worry about FAILURE

    Heightened fear of failure – result in negative physiological responses (hyper-


    elevated muscle tension, lack of movement coordination)
    Multi-dimensional Anxiety Theory
    - Cognitive and Somatic anxiety can
    affect performance in different
    ways
    - Cognitive – Decrease performance,
    whereas somatic thought to
    enhance performance up to
    certain point.
    - Where somatic anxiety is low in
    build up to an event, having
    slightly elevated levels of cognitive
    can enhance performance.
    However is cognitive anxiety
    becomes too great then
    performance will be reduced.
    Reversal Theory
    Perception of anxiety can have
    effect on performance.
    EXAMPLE – athlete perceives
    symptoms of anxiety as positive and
    beneficial for performance, more
    likely to enhance performance.
    Some sport psychologists highlight
    role of some signs and symptoms of
    somatic anxiety (increased HR, BR
    and temp) in successful sports
    performance.
    Aim to turn anxiety from unpleasant
    worry into pleasant excitement

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