MAPEH 8 2nd

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Music 8

East Asian Music


Second Quarter - Week1
Objectives
• 1.Listen perceptively to music of East
Asia
• 2.Identify and classify the traditional
instruments of East Asian Countries.
• 3An alyze musical elements of selected
instru mental pieces heard.
Traditional Musical Instruments of
Japan
Percussion (Membranophone):
1. Odaiko- big , fat drum”, used as a bass drum in many styles
of Japanese music. The physical energy and sheer excitement
of an Odaiko performance is an integral part of many Japanese
matsuri (festivals).
2. Tsuzumi (hourglass-shape) –
the smaller kotsuzumi and the larger otsuzumi are used in
both noh, kabuki performances and also used in minyo or
Japanese Folk Music. The kotsuzumi is held on the right
shoulder and the player alters the tone by squeezing the
laces. The otsuzumi is placed on the left thigh.
3. Tsuridaiko – also called gaku-daiko is a large hanging barrel
drum. It is played with two-mallets on one side only and used
primarily in bugaku orchestra.
4. Taiko – also known as kumi-daiko, is a Japanese drum that
comes in various sizes and is used to play a variety of musical
genres. It has become particularly popular in recent years as
the central instrument of percussion ensembles whose
repertory is based on a variety of folk and festival music of
the past.
• String (Chordophone)
1. Koto – also called kin is a 13-string zither, about two meters
long and made of Paulownia wood. It is plucked using picks or
ivory plectrums called tsume on the thumb and first two
fingers of the right hand, while the left hand can be used to
modify pitch and tone by pressing the strings to the left of the
bridges. Koto is used in court music, an ensemble in gagaku or
as a solo instrument.
2. Shamisen- also called sangen, is a plucked stringed
instrument, played with a plectrum called a bachi. Its
construction follows a model similar to that of a guitar or a
banjo, employing a neck, and strings stretched across a
resonating body. The neck of the shamisen is fretless, and is
slimmer than that of a guitar or a banjo.
3. Biwa - is a Japanese short-necked fretted lute, often used in
narrative storytelling. The biwa is the chosen instrument of
Benten, the goddess of music, eloquence, poetry, and
education in Japanese Shinto. It is also known for its distinctive
buzz (sawari) which is produced when the string comes into
contact with the hard woof of the neck.
Woodwind (Aerophone)
1. Shakuhachi- the most famous flute made from bamboo. It
has 4 or 5 finger holes on the front face and a thumbhole on
the rear face. The timbre of the instrument As with other
instruments above, it was imported from China for gagaku.
2. Nokan - a parallel, bamboo flute (fue) is the only melodic
instrument used in noh. The melody of the flute has no specific
pitch relationship with the melody of the chanting.
3. Hichiriki - is a double reed Japanese fue (flute) used as one
of two main melodic instruments in Japanese gagaku music,
the other being the ryuteki.
4. Sho - is a Japanese free reed musical instrument that was
introduced from China during the Nara period.
5. Shinobue – also called takebue in the context of Japanese
traditional arts) is a Japanese transverse flute or fue that has a
high-pitched sound.
6. Ryuteki - literally "dragon flute" is a Japanese transverse fue
made of bamboo. It is used in gagaku.
Traditional Musical
Instruments of China
Stringed
(Chordophone)
1. Yueqin - Moon-shaped lute with shorter neck and
four strings, played with a spectrum, used for
accompanying local operas.
Stringed
(Chordophone)
2. Pipa - Four-stringed lute with 30 frets and a pear-shaped
body. This instrument has an extremely wide dynamic range
and remarkable expressive power.
Stringed
(Chordophone)
3. Erhu - Two-stringed fiddle and one of the most popular
Chinese instruments. An alto instrument with a middle –high
musical range, its melodies can be tender or sonorous. It is
used as a solo instrument as well as in small ensembles or
large orchestra
Stringed
(Chordophone)
4. Zheng - An ancient Chinese instrument that has an arched
surface and an elongated-trapezoid with 13 to 21 strings
stretched over individual bridges. Its playing range spans three
to four octaves.
Woodwind
(Aerophone)
5. Sheng - Sheng, or Chinese mouth organ, looks like a set of
panpipes, with 12 to 36 bamboo pipes. Each pipe is of
different length with a brass reed at the bottom and a hole
that must be blocked in order for the note to sound. Sheng is
one of the oldest Chinese musical instruments. A polyphonic
instrument.
Woodwind
(Aerophone)
6. Dizi - Dizi is the traditional Chinese flute. It can have a
membrane over an extra hole to give the characteristic rattle
effect. The player plays the Dizi by blowing across the
mouthpiece and produces the different notes by stopping the
six holes found in the rod.
Percussion
(Idiophone)
7. Yunluo - Literally "cloud gongs" or "cloud of gongs", the
yunluo is a set of ten small tuned gongs mounted in a wooden
frame, gongs are of equal diameter but different thickness.
The thicker gongs produce a higher pitch.
Percussion
(Idiophone)
8. Pengling-These are two small bells made of high-tin bronze.
The instrument has a delicate, clarion and melodious tone. It
is a coloring rhythmic instrument, either in ensembles or in
theater music, bringing an effect of peaceful dreams.
Traditional Musical
Instruments of
Korea
Stringed Instruments:
(Chordophone)
1. Kayagum (gayageum) - is a traditional Korean zither-like
string instrument, with 12 strings, although more recently
variants have been constructed with 21 or more numbers of
strings. It is probably the best-known traditional Korean
musical instrument.
Stringed Instruments:
(Chordophone)
2. Geomungo - Six-string plucked zither is a traditional Korean
stringed musical instrument of the zither family of instruments
with both bridges and frets. Scholars believe that the name
“geomungo” refers to “Goguryeo” and translates to "Goguryeo
zither". It refers to the color and translates to "black crane
zither".
Stringed Instruments:
(Chordophone)
3. Haegeum (two-string vertical fiddle) – It has a rodlike neck,
a hollow wooden sound box, two silk strings, and is held
vertically on the knee of the performer and played with a bow.
Woodwind
(Aerophone)
4. Piri - used in both the folk and classical (court) music of
Korea. It is made of bamboo. Its large reed and cylindrical bore
gives it a sound mellower than that of many other types of
oboe.
Percussion
(Membranophone)
5. Changgo - is the most widely used drum used in the
traditional music of Korea. It consists of an hourglass-shaped
body with two heads made from animal skin. The two heads
produce sounds of different pitch and timbre, which when
played together are believed to represent the harmony of man
and woman.
Japanese music has three general types of
instruments - percussion instruments
(membranophone) (odaiko, tsuzumi, shoko,
tsuridaiko, taiko), string instruments
(chordophone) (koto, shamisen, biwa), and
wind instruments (aerophone)-mostly flutes
(shakuhachi, nokan, sho, hichiriki).
Compared to our music, Japanese music is
very simple. They sing melodies in unison
and they never repeat the same melody in
a song.
Chinese musical instruments
are classified according to the
materials by which they are
made: animal skins, gourd,
bamboo, wood, silk, earth/clay,
metal, and stone.
Traditional Korean instruments can be
broadly divided into three groups: string
(chordophone), wind (aerophone), and
percussion instruments
(membranophone).
Kayagum is a traditional Korean zither-like
string instrument, with 12 strings,
probably the best known traditional
Korean musical instrument.
Haegum a two-string vertical fiddle, with a
rod-like neck and a hollow wooden sound
box.
Changgo is the most widely used drum
used in the traditional music of Korea.
Activity 1: True or False
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if
the statement is incorrect.
_____1. Chinese musical instruments are classified according to
the materials by
which they are made.
_____2. Sheng is one of the oldest Chinese musical instruments.
_____3. Korean kayagum is similar to koto of Japan.
_____4. Japanese music is very simple.
_____5. Odaiko is the most widely used drum used in the
traditional music of
Korea.
Activity 2: Directions: Classify the following instruments into
chordophone,
aerophone or membranophone and write it on the space before
the
number.
______________1. Kayagum ______________6. Changgo
______________2. Pipa ______________7. Yunlo
______________3. Sho ______________8. Hichiriki
______________4. Odaiko ______________9. Koto
______________5. Haegum ______________10. Tsuzumi

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