Speeches

ORAL
COMMUNICATIO
N
EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES IN
COMMUNICATING ORALLY
TYPES OF SPEECHES
ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
1. Informative – This speech serves to • Provides interesting and useful
provide interesting and useful information to the audience
information to your audience. Some
examples of informative speeches: Demonstrative speeches – main
o A teacher telling students about purpose is still inform and it is
earthquakes unique because it is step by step
o A student talking about her research
process of doing or producing
something is shown and explained
o A travelogue about the Tower of
to the audience.
London
o A computer programmer speaking • How- to videos
about new software • Math tutorials
TYPES OF SPEECHES
• Persuasive speeches- are meant to • Use facts to inform the audience
affect the beliefs of the audience’s about what is good and what is bad.
belief of the audience. The speaker
• Some examples of persuasive
to reinforce beliefs, change the
speeches:
audience beliefs, or move them into
taking an action. o Become an organ donor o Improve
• Persuasive – A persuasive speech your health through better eating
works to convince people to change o Television violence is negatively
in some way: they think, the way influencing our children
they do something, or to start doing
o Become a volunteer and change the
something that they are not
currently doing.
world
TYPES OF SPEECHES
• Speeches for all occasions (SOS) Examples:
• Speeches for special occasions
Birthdays
are prepared for special purpose
dictated by a given occasion. ….
• Delivered to welcome an
audience to an event, to
introduce a speaker, to give
tribute through roast or toast
speeches.
TYPES OF SPEECHES
• Entertaining — The after- • Some examples of
dinner speech is a typical entertaining speeches: o
example of an entertaining Excuses for any occasion o
speech. The speaker Explaining cricket to an
provides pleasure and American o Things you
enjoyment that make the wouldn’t know without the
audience laugh or identify movies
with anecdotal
information.
TYPES OF SPEECHES
ACCORDING TO DELIVERY
• SPEECH DELIVERY- Manuscript/Read
refers to how your • Speaking with advanced
message, ideas, thoughts, preparation
and feelings are expressed
in spoken words. • Planned and rehearsed
speech
• Reading aloud a written
message
TYPES OF SPEECHES
Memorized Extemporaneous
• Speaking with advanced • Speaking with limited
preparation preparation
• Planned and rehearsed • Guided by notes or outline
speech • Delivered conversationally
• Reciting a written message • Most popular type
word-for-word from
memory
TYPES OF SPEECHES
Impromptu
• Speaking without
advanced preparation
• Unrehearsed speech
• Spoken conversationally
PRINCIPLES OF
SPEECH
WRITING
1. Know your audience – so that you can
appropriate and context of your speech
SPEECH WRITING is according to their age, gender and
among others.
an important stage
where the speech is 2. Organize your ideas- logically so that
your audience will be able to follow the
developed and flow of your speech from beginning to
organized in order to end.
craft and transform a 3. Duration- keep in mind the length and
speaker’s message duration of your speech.
into a speech that 4. Mind your word choice. Formal and
appeal to his or her informal words depends on the speech
audience context.
5. Check your grammar. Proofread and
edit your speech several time.
PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH
WRITING
1. Audience profile • Outlining and organizing speech
content
2. Choosing a topic.
• Logical organization
- Is the topic interesting to my
audience? - Categorical /Topical – categories
help the speaker organize the
- Is it timely relevant? message in a consistent manner.
- Are there available sources of - Comparison/contrast – use to
information about it? compare and contrast subjects or
ideas.
3. Sourcing information
WRITING
• Spatial • Casual
• Chronological • Problem
• Biographical • Psychological
DELIVERY
• Articulation- It is the • Stage presence-
right pronunciation of
all the words. The people
who suffer stage fright • The expression on the
commit the mistake of speaker’s face determines
deletion, addition, adding the audience’s closeness to
extra parts towards him. Warm smile and
slurring. confident look take the
audience close to the
• Modulation- speaker.
DELIVERY
• Rapport with the audience-
• Audio visual aids-

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