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Physical
SELF
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the chapter, you should be able to;
• identify the stages of life and explain the physical

changes that occur during each stage;
• recognize the contributions of genetic and environmental
factors to the physical development of the self;
• describe the factors that affect body image;
• examine the impact of culture on body image and self;
and
• Develop a positive body image.
To keep the body in good health is a
duty… otherwise we shall not be able to
keep our mind strong and clear.
-Buddha
The Physical self
• The physical self refers to the body. Both physical extremities
and internal organs work together for the body to perform
many of its functions such as breathing, walking, eating, and
sleeping, among others. The body’s ability to perform its
functions gradually changes through an individual’s aging. In
general, the body performs least during infancy and old age.
• Adolescence begins with the onset of puberty. This stage is
characterized by rapid physical changes that include the
maturation of the reproductive system. Each individual goes
through a succession of developmental stages throughout his
or her life span.
Life span
• Refers to the development from conception to
death. Elizabeth B. Hurlock outlines the stages
in the life span:
1.Prenatal-fertilization to birth
2.Infancy-birth to 2 weeks of life
3.Babyhood-2 weeks of life to 2nd year
4.Early childhood – 2 to 6 years old
5.Late childhood-6 to 10 or 12 years old
6.Puberty-10 or 12 to 14 years old
7.Adolescence-14 to 18 years old
8.Early adulthood – 18 to 40 years old
9.Middle adulthood – 40 to 60 years old
10.Late adulthood or senescence – 60 to
deat
Two factors affecting Physical
growth and development
-Physical growth and development

is the product of heredity and
environment
HEREDITY is the biological process of the
inheritance of traits from parents to offspring.
ENVIRONMENT refers to the factors an

individual is exposed to throughout life which
includes learning and experiences.
Environmental factors such as diet, nutrition,
and diseases play an important role in an
individual’s physical development.
Theories of physical self
The theory of PHYSIOGNOMY suggests that a
person’s physical characteristics such as facial
features and expressions and body structures could
be related to a person’s character or personality.
According to the ancient Chinese practice of face
reading, the face is a Three-dimensional Chinese
practice of reflection of “who we are and how! Life
has affected us.”
Five Element theory which makes use of the
elements of water, wood, fire, earth, and metal as
archetypes for everything occurring in the natural
world and each element is correlated to seasons,
colors, shapes, sounds, as well as facial features,
body types, the body’s major organs, and
behavioral tendencies.
In ancient Greece, Hippocrates developed
a theory based on the prominence of body
fluids. The theory suggests that an excess
of or deficiency in any of the four bodily
fluids (or humors) in a person influences
their personality, temperament, and well-
being.
The SANGUINE type has the prominence of red bile. They
tend to be impulsive, cheerful, happy, and optimistic.
The MELANCHOLIC has the prominence of black bile. They

tend to be depressed and pessimistic. The choleric has the
prominence of yellow bile. They are easily angry, jumpy,
and temperamental.
The PHLEGMATIC has excess phlegm. They tend to be

sluggish, dull, and slow.
The CHOLERIC has the prominence of yellow bile. They are

easily angry, jumpy, and temperamental.
In the 1940s, William Sheldon has developed
a body-type theory based on physical
characteristics.
the three body types are endomorphic,

mesomorphic, and ectomorphic.
Physically, one who has the endomorphic body type is soft
and plump. People with this body type are perceived to be
easy going and sociable.
Physically, the mesomorphic type is characterized by a

strong muscular body. People who have mesomorphic body
type are perceived to be energetic, adventurous, assertive,
and courageous.
the one who has the ectomorphic body type is tall and thin.
People who have this body type tend to be restrained,
quiet, introverted, and artistic.
The illustrations below show the different body
types according to Sheldon:
Finally, in her work The Wisdom of Your Face, Jean Haner (2008)
suggests that people with oval-shaped faces are generally
hospitable and tactful.
• People with round-shaped faces tend to be friendly,

kindhearted, and selfless.
• People with square faces tend to be witty, analytical, and great
leaders.
• People who have heart-shaped faces are patient and intuitive by
nature.
• People with long-shaped faces are perfectionists and tend to be
aggressive.
• Persons with triangle-shaped faces tend to be creative, artistic,
sensitive, and determined. People with diamond faces are very
Haner also suggests that people with full and thick
eyebrows tend to be confident, assertive, and goal-
oriented.
Persons with large or highly-defined jaws have strong

values and firm beliefs.
An earlier study by Squier and Mew (1981), suggests that

persons with long and angular-shaped faces tend to be
more responsive, assertive, and genuine than persons with
short and square-shaped faces who tend to be more
restrained, conforming, and shrewd.
BODY IMAGE
Refers to how individuals perceive, think, and feel about

their body and physical appearance. Appearance refers to
weight, skin color, clothes, and hairstyle. Through
appearances, an individual is able to show others the kind
of person he or she is (DeLamater & Myers, 2012). The age
at which puberty begins has implications for the way
adolescents feel about themselves as well as the way
others treat them (Feldman, 2010). Body image is related
to self-esteem which is a person’s overall evaluation of his
or her own worth.
The importance of beauty
In Egyptian art, beauty is perceived in women with slim,
high waist, narrow hips, and long black hair. In contrast,
women with a full figure and rounded hips were considered
beautiful during the Renaissance period.
Some tribes (e.g., Africa) during the Medieval Age

considered chubby, fat, or plump women beautiful.
People in Malaysia, Philippines, and Indonesia used to
consider flat noses to be attractive. However, standards of
beauty have changed over time due to changing cultural
values.
People tend to judge others based on physical appearance

However physical appearance alone is not enough to know
a person true character. It is important to see into a
person’s inner thoughts and feelings-one’s inner self.
Above all things physical, it is more important to be
beautiful on the inside.
Here are some ways to improve your
body image and inner self
• Take good care of your health. • Face your fears.
• Live a well-balanced life. • Be independent.
• Dress well and be neat. • Accept things as they are.
• Spend some time alone to • Ask and listen.
reflect. • Think positive.
• Be creative and do something • Pray.
new all the time. • Count your blessings.
• Develop a wholesome attitude • Be thankful.
toward sex.
• Avoid temptations.
• Respect individuality.
• Make friends.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
REPORTER:
DE CASTRO, GEMARIE
LABANON, JUSTIN
NUELAN, CINDY

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Physical

• identify the stages of life and explain the physical

-Physical growth and development

ENVIRONMENT refers to the factors an

The MELANCHOLIC has the prominence of black bile. They

The PHLEGMATIC has excess phlegm. They tend to be

The CHOLERIC has the prominence of yellow bile. They are

the three body types are endomorphic,

Physically, the mesomorphic type is characterized by a

• People with round-shaped faces tend to be friendly,

Persons with large or highly-defined jaws have strong

An earlier study by Squier and Mew (1981), suggests that

Refers to how individuals perceive, think, and feel about

Some tribes (e.g., Africa) during the Medieval Age

People tend to judge others based on physical appearance

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