Measures of Dispersion

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MEASURES OF

DISPERSION

Celien L. Galvan
Measures of Dispersion

• described how spread out or


dispersed the values in a data set
are. It helps to understand if the
data points are close together or far
apart
• gives insight into the variability or
consistency within the data
• Measures of dispersion like Range,
Standard Deviation and Variance
Types of Measures of Dispersion
Measures of dispersion can be classified into the following two types
Some absolute measures of dispersion are:
Range: It is defined as the difference
between the largest and the smallest value
in the distribution.

Mean Deviation: It is the arithmetic mean


of the difference between the values and
their mean.

Standard Deviation: It is the square root


of the arithmetic average of the square of
Variance: It is defined as the average of the square
deviation from the mean of the given data set.

Quartile Deviation: It is defined as half of the


difference between the third quartile and the first
quartile in a given data set.

Interquartile Range: The difference between


upper(Q3 ) and lower(Q1) quartile is called
Interquartile Range. Its formula is given as Q 3 – Q1.
Here are some of the relative measures of dispersion:
• Coefficient of Range: It is defined as the ratio of the
difference between the highest and lowest value in a data set
to the sum of the highest and lowest value.
• Coefficient of Variation: It is defined as the ratio of the
standard deviation to the mean of the data set. We use
percentages to express the coefficient of variation.
• Coefficient of Mean Deviation: It is defined as the ratio of
the mean deviation to the value of the central point of the data
set.
• Coefficient of Quartile Deviation: It is defined as the ratio of
the difference between the third quartile and the first quartile
to the sum of the third and first quartiles.
• Range is a measure of variability in a dataset, it
tells the spread between the highest and lowest
values of the dataset. The simple understanding
and easy method of calculation of range makes it a
useful tool in various fields. However, the range
has limitations, it is unable to tell about the size or
the central tendency of the data which can lead to
errors in understanding when comparing datasets
of different sizes. For a better understanding of
variability we need to consider other measures,
such as variance or standard deviation.
Example: Consider the following dataset of exam
scores for a class tenth: 77, 89, 92, 64, 78, 95, 82
Find the Range of the above data
Range for Grouped Data
In Grouped data where the datasets are arranged in Class Intervals, the
Range is find by subtracting the lower limit of the first class interval and
the upper limit of the last class interval. We can understand it from the
example mentioned below:
Class Frequen
Interval cy
Range = Upper Limit of
0-10 12
the Last Class Interval –
10-20 10
Lower Limit of First Class
20-30 15 Interval = 50-0 = 50
30-40 13

40-50 11
Variance is a measurement value used to find how the data is
spread concerning the mean or the average value of the data
set. It is used to find the distribution of data in the dataset and
define how much the values differ from the mean. The symbol
used to define the variance is σ2. It is the square of the
Standard Deviation.
The are two types of variance used in statistics,
The population variance is used to determine how each
data point in a particular population fluctuates or is
spread out,
The sample variance is used to find the average of the
squared deviations from the mean.
Variance Formula for Grouped and Ungrouped
Data
• The variance for a data set is denoted by the
symbol σ2. The formula for calculating variance
differs slightly for grouped and ungrouped data.
• For ungrouped data, variance is calculated by
finding the average of the squared differences
between each data point and the mean.
• For grouped data, the variance takes into
account the frequency of each data point or
group.
Formula for Calculating
Variance
X x̄ (X-x̄)
64 82.4 - 339.6
3 18.4 6 FIND
3 1.VARIANCE
77 82.4 -5.43 29.48 2.STANDARD
3 DEVIATION
78 82.4 -4.43 19.62
3
82 82.4 -0.43 0.18
3
Standard Deviation in Statistics
• Standard Deviation is defined as the degree of
dispersion of the data point from the mean value of
the data point. It tells us how the value of the data
points varies from the mean value of the data point
and it tells us about the variation of the data point in
the sample of the data.
• Standard Deviation of a given sample of data set is
also defined as the square root of the variance of the
data set. Mean Deviation of the n values (say x1, x2, x3,
…, xn) is calculated by taking the sum of the squares
of the difference of each value from the mean, i.e.
Formula for Calculating Standard Deviation
Class F x fx x̄ (X-x̄) f
Interv f
al
41-
12
50
31-
10
40
21-
15
30
• FIND the ff. of Sample Grouped
Data
1. Range
2. Variance
3. Standard Deviation

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