DIABETES

THE PERFECT
GUIDE TO
UNDERSTANDING
DIABETES
Yasma Haddad
Grade 8B
date
Ms. zeina
Diabetes: Things to consider…
What is Diabetes? What are the statistics?

What are the different types of Diabetes?
What are the symptoms?
How does it transmit?
How do I get tested for diabetes?
How can I prevent or control diabetes?
What parts of the body does diabetes affect?
Can diabetes be cured?
How can I educate myself?
DIABETES: WHAT IS IT?
 Diabetes affects 25.8 million children and

adults in the United States
 Diabetes can be referred to as a chronic
disease characterized by high levels of
sugar(glucose) in the blood
 How does this happen?
 Glucose enters the bloodstream, from food we
eat. This is later used for fuel in the body. Our
pancreas located near the stomach makes
insulin, which plays a role in moving glucose to
muscles, liver cells, and fat.
 The pancreas then fails to make enough
insulin or the muscle or…
 Fat or liver cells fail to respond to the insulin
properly
 As a result, our body’s cells are starving for
energy and over time, high blood glucose
levels change our overall health damaging the
kidney, heart, eyes, and nerves
TYPES OF DIABETES
There are 4 major types of

diabetes:
 1) Type 1 Diabetes
 usually diagnosed in childhood
 affected by hereditary
 sometimes there are no symptoms
 Imperative to inject insulin daily
because the body makes little or no
insulin
 frequently called the ‘insulin-needed’
group
 Patients with type 1 diabetes need
insulin daily to survive
Types of diabetes (cont.…)
 2)Type 2 Diabetes
 most common
 usually occurs in adulthood but diagnosis is increasing in
the younger generation
 affects many children
 Body is incapable of responding to insulin
 Rates rising due to increased obesity and failure to
exercise and eat healthy
 3) Gestational Diabetes
 blood sugar levels are high
during pregnancy in women
 Women who give birth to
children over 9 lbs.
 high risk of type 2 diabetes
and cardiovascular disease
 4) Pre-diabetes
 At least 79 million people are
diagnosed with pre-diabetes
each year
 above average blood glucose
levels, not high enough to be
classified under type 1 or type
2 diabetes
 long-term damage to body,
including heart and circulatory
system
 Starts with unhealthy eating
habits & inadequate exercise
SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES
 high blood levels of glucose

 blurry vision
 fatigue
 thirst
 painful urination
 frequent urination
 sores that do not heal
 nausea
 vomiting
 weight loss
 Hunger
 **In some cases…there are no
symptoms at all!!
 **Diabetes type 1 and type 2 symptoms
are closely similar, although, type 1 is
often worse in severity
HOW DOES DIABETES TRANSMIT?
 Genetically (type 1 diabetes, pre-

diabetes, gestational)
 Can develop due to poor diet &
inadequate exercise (pre-diabetes,
type 2 diabetes, gestational
diabetes)
 Develops due to following factors
 Overweight
 High blood pressure
 High cholesterol
 Family history of diabetes
 African-American, Asian-American,
Latino, Hispanic-American, Native
American ethnicity
 Family history of gestational diabetes
TESTING FOR DIABETES
 Two tests doctors use to

diagnose diabetes and pre-
diabetes:
 1) FPG (Fasting Plasma Glucose  2) OGTT (Oral Glucose
Test) Tolerance Test)
 patient must fast for eight  doctor measures how well your
hours body reacts to average dose of
 doctor draws blood sugar
 doctor will mix blood with other  patient will be drawn blood two
liquids to determine the hours before and after he/she
amount of sugar or glucose in drinks pre-mixed beverage
the blood with the sugar
 this is measured in mg/dL  blood glucose levels are
measured to see how the body
 blood glucose range for pre- reacted
diabetics will be in the 100-125  Blood glucose range for pre-
mg/dL range. diabetics will be between 140-
 type 2 diabetes will have blood 199 mg/dL.
sugar results in the range of  For those with type 2 diabetes,
126 mg/dL and above the range will start at 200
 these levels can increase the mg/dL and continue to peak
risk of heart disease and stroke
HOW TO PREVENT/CONTROL DIABETES
 Prevention all starts with a better lifestyle

 eating healthier
 being active
 taking medicine as directed
 taking care of your body
 check feet to make sure there is no nerve damage or interruption of blood
flow
 take care of teeth
 control blood pressure and high
 no smoking!
 check in with your doctor at least once a month
 have your blood sugar checked along with weight, blood pressure, and
feelings
 Check blood sugar levels daily by using home monitoring device
HOW DOES DIABETES AFFECT THE
BODY?
 Diabetes can affect:
 heart
 kidneys (direct result from large amounts of protein
being deposited into the urine)
 eyes
 nervous system
 skin
 your WHOLE body
 long-term complications include stroke, peripheral
vascular disease, hypertension, urinary infections, and
coronary artery disease
 the most frequent health risk from diabetes is known
as cardiovascular disease (diabetes can cause high
blood pressure that then causes an even stronger
resistance to insulin)
 Diabetes lowers our good cholesterol and raises our
bad cholesterol leading to an increase of heart
disease and stroke. This can cause the arteries to
become clogged with fat.
 at least 65% of people with diabetes die from heart
disease or stroke
CAN DIABETES BE CURED?
Unfortunately, there is not yet a cure for diabetes

BUT DON’T GIVE UP HOPE! There are always new
facts and discoveries being made every day.
Doctors are providing treatment that can lower
symptoms of diabetes of all types, which can
reduce pain.
By following a good diet and exercise plan, body
may be able to use insulin minimally, or none at all
in cases besides type 1
There is also research being done on “islet”
transplantation
**This can be seen on the next slide
ISLET TRANSPLANTATION
 During this procedure, islets (clusters of cells from the pancreas that
help make insulin) are taken from the pancreas of a deceased organ
donor. Then, the islets are purified, processed, and transferred to
someone else. These then begin to make and release insulin
individually. This could possibly be the biggest step in helping
patients with type 1 diabetes live without insulin injections.
HOW CAN I EDUCATE MYSELF ON
DIABETES?
 Internet sites that might be helpful in
learning more about diabetes!
 http://www.diabetes.org/
 http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/
 Brochures
 These are often given/found at the doctors
office
 books to help deal with diabetes
 http://www.amazon.com/Best-Guide-Manag
ing-Diabetes-Pre-Diabetes/dp/1416588388
 (shown on right)
 read statistics
 learn benefits of good health, diet and
exercise
 Join a support group
REMEMBER….TAKE
CONTROL OF
YOUR LIFE! DON’T
LET DIABETES
CONTROL YOU!
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THE PERFECT

What is Diabetes? What are the statistics?

 Diabetes affects 25.8 million children and

There are 4 major types of

 high blood levels of glucose

 Genetically (type 1 diabetes, pre-

 Two tests doctors use to

 Prevention all starts with a better lifestyle

Unfortunately, there is not yet a cure for diabetes

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