Pe 309 2013

MICROFLUIDIC DRUG
DELIVERY SYSTEM
DHRUV PATEL
PE/2013/309
21/11/2013
Content
• WHAT IS MEMS & MICROFLUIDIC?
• METHOD TO PREPARE DEVICE
• MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE
• MEMS SYSTEM
• COMPONENT
• SILICONE MICROCHIP & IMPNTABE
DEVICE
• APPLICATION
• FUTURE ASPECT
WHAT IS MEMS & MICROFLUIDIC?
• Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is a rapidly
growing field which enables the manufacture of small
devices using microfabrication techniques similar to
the ones that are used to create integrated circuits.
• Microfluidics deals with design and development of
miniature devices which can sense, pump, mix,
monitor and control small volumes of fluids.
• MEMSbased microfluidic drug delivery devices in
general include microneedles based transdermal
devices, osmosis based devices,micropump based
devices, microreservoir based devices and
biodegradable MEMS devices.
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Schematic illustration of drug delivery
system.
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TWO METHOD FOR PREPARING DEVICE
A.Silicon processing
B. Soft lithography
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Silicone Processing
• In these devices, fluidic channels are fashioned by etching directly
into the substrate either by immersion in a chemical solution (wet
etching) or by exposure to a chemically reactive plasma (dry etching).
• Here, the mask layer serves a dual purpose of defining the pattern to
be etched and protecting the substrate from degradation in areas that
are not to be etched.
• Dry etching processes are generally capable of producing deeper
features with greater sidewall uniformity, however specialized
equipment is required.
• Hybrid glass/glass and silicon/glass devices, in which etched glass
fluidic channels are bonded to a flat glass or silicon substrate,have
been widely used in a variety of microfluidic applications .
• Because arrays of electronic components (electrodes, heaters,
temperature sensors,photodetectors, etc.) can be easily patterned on
a silicon surface, glass/silicon devices are especially attractive in
applications requiring integrated fluidic and electronic circuitry.
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Soft Lithography
• Fabrication of polymer-based devices typically begins with
the construction of a ‘master’ that contains a negative
image of the desired structures and will ultimately serve
as a template for the production of the final microfluidic
devices. (PDMS widly used)
• Masters are usually constructed from silicon or thick
photoresist, and are produced using conventional silicon-
based processing techniques. Once the master has been
constructed, it can then be used to produce devices by
employing either a casting process (often referred to as
‘soft lithography’) whereby a mixture of silicone resin
and crosslinker is poured over the master and allowed to
cure, or a stamping process (hot embossing) where by the
master is pressed into a film of polymer that has been
softened by heating to just below its melting point.
• Aside from fabrication of the master, this process does not
need to be carried out in a clean room environment.
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Polymer devices have the advantage of being simple and
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MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE
hun-Xia Zhao, Multiphase flow microfluidics for the production of single

or multiple emulsions for drug delivery Elsevier volume 10,2013.05.009
Schematic of microfluidic-screening platform with many
addressable channels
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MEMS SYSTEM
• Implantable devices are preferred for therapies that require many
injections daily or weekly.
• They can be either implanted into the human body or placed under
the skin, consequently reducing the risk of infection by eliminating
the need for frequent injections.
• Most implantable microsystems do not cause pain or tissue trauma
due to their small size and are often virtually invisible .
• In addition to a reduction in the number of injections, implantable
drug delivery systems have the advantage that the dose level can be
precisely regulated according to the therapy and the particular
patient’s requirements due to the interactive and controllable nature
of these devices. (flow regulator-actuator)
• MEMS systems combine small size, low power requirements, and the
potential to precisely meter fluid samples, all of which facilitate
implantation . For these reasons, MEMS based microsystems are
attractive candidates as implantable drug delivery systems.
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Components
• One of the key components in those devices is
the miniature fluid-dispensing system or
micropump. Various pumping methods are
available,including
i. electroosmotic pumping for ionic fluids
ii. Positive displacement pumps that use
piezoelectric components
iii. Pneumatic
iv. Bubble or
v. Surface-tension pumps that rely on moving
gas–liquid interfaces to displace fluids.
A. Nisar , Nitin Afzulpurkar, Banchong Mahaisavariya, Adisorn Tuantranont,
MEMS-based micropumps in drug delivery and biomedical applications,
Elsevier 130 (2008) 917–942
A solid-state silicon microchip for
controlled release
M. Koch, A. Evans, A. Brunnschweiler, Microfluidic Technology

and Applications, Research Studies Press, Baldock,
2000.
SILICONE MICROCHIP
• Asolid-state silicon microchip for controlled release
single or multiple chemical substances on demand was
developed.
• The release mechanism is based on the electrochemical
dissolution of thin anode gold membranes covering
microreservoirs filled with chemicals in solid, liquid or
gel form. A sequential microfabrication process including
• photolithography,chemical vapor deposition (CVD),
• electron beam evaporation
• reactive ion etching (RIE)
has been used to create 34 microreservoirs on the chip,
each covered by a thin gold membrane functioning as the
S. Zafar Razzackia, Prasanna K. Thwara,1, Ming Yanga, Integrated
anodes.
microsystems for controlled drug delivery Elsevier 56 (2004) 185– 198
Single or muliple emulsion drug
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delievery technique
Various device to deliver the drug
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Implanted in the body
Automatic drug delivery (on demand)
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APPLICATION
1.A microfluidic chemostat containing high-density on-chip valves
used to study microbial growth
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2. studying DNA and gene synthesis,which is potentially useful
for biological drugs.
3. facilitate drug release and maintain circulating drug
concentration at a level that sustains a constant biological
effect.
4. extract drug compounds for analysis of animal tissues and
organs such as liver and brain.
5. test the synergistic effect of combinatorial drugs.
6.used for HTS applications. This system has many advantages
over conventional multiwell plate methods, such as handling
picoliter or nanoliter volumes, incubating reagents without
evaporation and minimizing the exposure of reagents to the
atmosphere useful for assessing the interaction of the lead
with normal or diseased cells.
7. to understand and assess natural drug candidates.
Lifeng Kang, Bong Geun Chung,Robert Langer, and Ali
Khademhosseini, Microfluidics for drug discovery development
Elsevier Volume 13, Numbers 1/2 January 2008
Future Aspect
• future drug delivery systems might contain not only the
microactuator components such as micropumps, microvalves
and flow regulators, but also
• physical and chemical microsensors
• control electronics.
• Electrical interconnects,
• Wires
• packaging components
are also needed to obtain a fully functional, automated,self-
regulating microsystem. All of these components must be
integrated into a miniaturized device so that reliability is
increased and cost is reduced. From this point of view,
functional integration could be one of the most important
requirements for future drug delivery systems.
Yawen Lia, Rebecca S. Shawgoa, Betty Tylerb, Paul T. Hendersonc, John S.
Vogelc,
Aron Rosenberga, In vivo release from a drug delivery MEMS device
21/11/2013
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MICROFLUIDIC DRUG

hun-Xia Zhao, Multiphase flow microfluidics for the production of single

M. Koch, A. Evans, A. Brunnschweiler, Microfluidic Technology

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