FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS-Lecture 20231203 220800 0000

FU N CT I ON A L
GR O U P S
PREPARED BY: JONSYRILL VILLARAN

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, students should be
able to:
1. Describe the different functional groups.

2. Cite uses of representative examples of
compounds bearing the different functional
groups.
An alkyl group or alkyl
radical is obtained by
removing one atom of
hydrogen from an alkane
molecule.
Named by changing the suffix -

ane of the alkane with the suffix
-yl.
FUNCTIONAL GROUP
"An atom or group of atoms which

specify the chemical
properties of alkyl radical."
COMMON FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS
ALCOHOL
a) Have an -OH group (hydroxyl
group)
b) Flammable, soluble
c) NOT bases (covalently bonded)
and NOT electrolytes
d) Has the suffix "-ol" and must also
state the location of the -OH along the
carbon chain (using lowest # location)
ALCOHOL
ALCOHOL
Common
uses of
ethanol
CARBOXYLIC ACID
a) Have a carboxyl group (-
COOH) at the last carbon
b) Weak acids/weak
electrolytes because they
generate H+ ions in solution
c) Has the suffix "-oic acid"
CARBOXYLIC ACID
CARBOXYLIC ACID
Uses of Ethanoic acid:
1. Production of white vinegar in the food

processing industry.
2. Production of synthetic fibres.
3. Formation of esters which is used in the
perfume-making process.
ALDEHYDE
a) CHO group found at

the end of the
hydrocarbon chain.
b) Soluble and reactive
c) Has the suffix "-al"
ALDEHYDE
ALDEHYDE
Common uses of methanal (formaldehyde):
1. Used as a preservative in food, paints and cosmetics.

2. Used as an antiseptic in medicine, disinfectant in the
funeral home, used in making RDX.
3. To improve the yield of fuels it is used in petroleum
and natural gas industries.
4. Used in the manufacture of ink.
KETONES
a) CO group located on an interior

carbon atom
- Can NEVER be a terminal
carbon, or it would be an
aldehyde!
b) Has the suffix "-one"
c) Somewhat soluble, needs at
least 3 carbons.
KETONES
KETONES
Uses of Ketones:
• Acetone which is an excellent solvent for a number of

plastics and synthetic fibres.
• Acetone is used as a nail paint remover and paint
thinner.
• Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), chemically butanone, is a
common solvent. It is used in the production of textiles,
varnishes, plastics, paint remover, paraffin wax, etc.
ESTER
a) Contains COO connecting

parent chain to branch.
b) Smell nice! Found in
perfumes, foods.
c) Has the suffix -anoate
ESTER
Methyl ethanoate
ESTER
Uses of Ester:
• Used as a constituent of perfumes, essential oils,

food flavourings, cosmetics, etc.
• Nitrate esters, such as nitroglycerin, are used as
explosive materials.
• Polyesters can be further converted into fibres to
make clothing.
• Used to make surfactants (e.g. soap, and detergents)
ETHER
a) look for -O (somewhere

in the middle)
b) anesthetic, soluble
c) Name small chain, then
the large chain and follow
with suffix "-ether"
ETHER
ETHER
Uses of Ether:
• Diethyl ether is used as an anesthetic in surgery.

• Ether is used as a cooling agent.
• It is used as an invert solvent in Grignard reagent and
solvent in the industry for resin, oils, etc.
• Ether is used along with petrol as a motor fuel.
• Phenyl ether can be used as a heat transfer
medium because of its high boiling point.
AMINE
a) Nitrogen is present.
b) Used in dyes, found in
proteins, DNA
c) Has the suffix -amine
AMINE
Dimethylamine
AMINE
Uses of Amine:
• Used in making azo-dyes and nylon apart from

medicines and drugs.
• Used in developing chemicals for crop protection,
medication and water purification.
• Use in products of personal care.
• Ethanol amines are the most common type of amine
used in the global market.
AMIDE
a) Contains
(amide group)
b) Used in dyes
c) Has the suffix -amide
AMIDE
Methyl propanamide
AMIDE
Uses of Amide:
• Generally used in the pharmaceutical industry.

• a. Pain killer- Morphine and Demerol
• b. Anaesthetic- Novocain
• Strong solvents- Dimethylformamide,
Dimethylacetamide
COMMON FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
COMMON FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
AMINE
AMIDE
REFERENCES:
• General Chemistry I- Grade 11 Alternative
Delivery Code First Edition, 2020
• https://youtu.be/QD01JF3iCXg?
si=EraWOoBs9fOdulOU
• https://youtu.be/9lpPEOA1gIM?
si=6KpRHM1bbioICpp-
• https://youtu.be/x7hlOeE6_AQ?feature=shared
"Functional groups are just like
your circle of friends. They can
contribute to your character
development. Choose your friends
wisely and be functional together
in a good way."
- Sir Syrill (2023)

DON'T PANIC!
IT'S ORGANIC...
CHEMISTRY!
THANK YOU
AND GOD
BLESS US ALL!

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FU N CT I ON A L

PREPARED BY: JONSYRILL VILLARAN

1. Describe the different functional groups.

Named by changing the suffix -

"An atom or group of atoms which

1. Production of white vinegar in the food

a) CHO group found at

1. Used as a preservative in food, paints and cosmetics.

a) CO group located on an interior

• Acetone which is an excellent solvent for a number of

a) Contains COO connecting

• Used as a constituent of perfumes, essential oils,

a) look for -O (somewhere

• Diethyl ether is used as an anesthetic in surgery.

• Used in making azo-dyes and nylon apart from

• Generally used in the pharmaceutical industry.

- Sir Syrill (2023)

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