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    Final Year Project

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    Suraj Kumar

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    Final Year Project

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    Suraj Kumar
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    6 views15 pages

    Final Year Project

    Uploaded by

    Suraj Kumar

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    END TERM EVALUATION PRESENTATION FOR

    B.TECH. PROJECT
    Optimal Control of AVR System with
    Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based PID
    Controller
    Supervised by: Submitted by:
    Prof. K. R. Niazi Moin Ashraf 2017UEE1375
    Professor-HAG Tanveer Ahmad 2017UEE1212
    Department of Electrical Engineering Mohd. Islam 2017UEE1130
    MNIT Jaipur

    DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING


    MALAVIYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JAIPUR
    MAY 2021
    Overall Objectives of Project work :

    Using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for determining the


    optimal values for the proportional-integral-derivation (PID) controller for a
    Automatic Voltage Regulator(AVR) so that error is minimum for the different
    objective functions which are considered.

    And then compare the system dynamics for PSO based optimization with the
    conventional Ziegler-Nichol’s method.
    Literature Review
    • Conventional PID controllers are tuned using trial and error method and the Ziegler-
    Nichol’s method.

    • Many artificial intelligence based robust controllers use Genetic algorithm and the Bacteria
    Foraging algorithm for tuning the parameters of the PID controller in AVR using
    performance indices.

    • Another approach is using a new optimal voltage control based on Particle Swarm
    Optimization in power system.

    •Different objective functions i.e Integral Square Error (ISE), Integral Absolute Error (IAE),
    Integral Time multiply Absolute Error (ITAE) and Integral Time multiply Square Error
    (ITSE), are considered.
    Problem Formulation

    Each area consists of controller (which is to be •Generator : A generator converts the power
    tuned) Amplifier, Exciter, Generator and Sensor. obtained from the turbine i.e. it converts the
    Each unit is described below with its transfer mechanical power into electrical power.The
    function : generator gain Kg and time constant Tg are load
    •Amplifier : Ka and Ta are the gain and time dependent. Kg varies between 0.7 and 1.0 and Tg
    constant of the amplifier system. The usual values between 1.0 and 2.0 sec from full load to no load.
    of Ka are in the range of 10 to 40, and the •Sensor : A sensor may be represented by a
    amplifier time constant Ta is very small, ranging simple first-order transfer function with a gain Ks
    from 0.02 to 0.1 sec. and time constant Ts and is given by Normally Ts
    •Exciter : The typical values of Ke are in the range is very small, ranging from of 0.001 to 0.06 sec,
    of 1 to 10, and the time constant Te is in the range and Ks is around 1.0.
    of 0.4 to 1.0 sec.
    Terminal output voltage change of the AVR
    systems(without controller)

    Criteria Response Values


    Mp 65.4272
    Ts 6.9711s
    Tr 0.2607s
    Tp 0.7547s
    Ess 0.0907
    Generators with AVR and AVR with PID controller
    Voltage deviation step response Voltage step response for AVR system
    with tuned PID controller
    Generators with AVR and AVR with PID Controller and Stabilizer
    Methodology:
    The different error functions which can be taken are
    explained as follows:
    PID gains
    Integral Square Error(ISE):

    Integral Absolute Error(IAE):

    Integral of Time-multiplied Absolute Error (ITAE):

    Integral of Time-multiplied Absolute Square Error


    (ITSE):

    Fig: PSO Flow Chart


    Comparison of different errors
    Results : Comparison of performance for different objective function

    PARAMETERS OF1 OF2 OF3 OF4


    Kp 0.9649 1.1641 1.0625 0.9656
    Ki 0.671 0.826 0.9977 1.5323
    Kd 0.331 0.4661 0.2853 0.8035

    FUNCTIONS OVER SHOOT PEAK OVERSHOOT PEAK TIME SETTLING TIME RISE TIME

    OF1 10.3578 1.1036 0.4239 0.9259 0.2005

    OF2 14.592 1.1459 0.3191 0.8201 0.1491

    OF3 13.8327 1.1382 0.2982 0.7686 0.1393

    OF4 19.9983 1.2 0.234 2.8243 0.1055


    B. Comparison of PSO with conventional method (ZN)

    Settling time
    Rise time Peak time
    Algorithm Ts
    Tr (in µ sec) (in µ sec)
    (in µ sec)

    PSO 0.1055 2.8243 0.234

    ZN 0.1263 7.8913 0.4755


    B. DISTURBANCE AND AVR SYSTEM BEHAVIORS ANALYSIS

    Simulink disturbance model for AVR system. AVR system disturbance responses
    Conclusion & Future Scope:

     AVR simulation model and PSO algorithm coding is designed in MATLAB-Simulink


     And then linked our simulation model with PSO code and ran it to minimize the different objective
    function and observed that Integral Time Square Error gave the minimum error.
     Comparison of PSO with conventional ZN Method is done and dynamics are observed.
     The simulation results show the high performance of PSO algorithm which minimizes the Voltage
    fluctuations for the system more than the other methods. The obtained results are very promising and
    the robustness of the proposed approach is confirmed.
     In Future Scope , we can consider Multi Objective Function(Ts , Tr , Mp).
     Integrate variable energy sources like wind energy.
    • THANK YOU!

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