Digital Electronics Introduction

Digital Electronics
Albert Osei Owusu

Digital Electronics
 Objective: to provide a basic
understanding of the basics of logic
circuits and their applications in
digital systems
 pre-requisite: None
 Credit Hours: 3
Digital Electronics
 Assessment:
 Lab: 10%
 Test/Quiz: 25%
 Tutorial/Assignments: 5%
 Final Examination: 60%
Course Outline
 Introduction to Digital Systems
 Digital Number Systems and Codes
 Logic Gates
 Algebraic Methods for the Analysis and Synthesis
of Logic Circuits
 Simplification of Switching Functions
 Sequential Logics
 Memory Elements
 Registers and Counters
Literature
 Ronald J. Tocci, “Digital Systems –
Principles and Applications“, (6th Ed.),
Prentice-Hall, 1995
 John P. Hayes, “Introduction to Digital

Logic Design“ Addison Wesley, 1993
 J. Uffenbeck,“Digital Electronics: A
modern Approach“, Prentice-Hall, 1994
Introduction to Digital Systems
 importance of course:
 wide range of applications of electronics
in science and technology
 Examples:
 data processing systems (e.g. computers)
 communications equipment (e.g. mobile
phones)
 industrial control systems
 radio
 television
 medicine and defence equipment
 consumer electronics, etc.
 Definitions
 Electronics :
the branch of physics and technology

concerned with the behaviour and
movement of electrons
 Definition:
 A Digital System:
is a combination of devices designed to
manipulate logical information or physical
quantities that are represented in digital form; i.e.,
the quantities can take on only discrete values
 Digital Electronics:
is the branch of electronics that deals with the
processing of logical information or physical
quantities that are represented in digital form, i.e.
the quantities can take on only discrete values
Numerical Representations
 Two forms of numerical
representations:
 Analog Representation
 Digital Representation
 Analog Representations
a quantity is represented by a voltage,
current, or meter movement that is
proportional to the value of that quantity.
Eg. an automobile speedometer, room
thermostat, microphone, etc
Characteristics:
they can vary over a continuous range of
values
 Digital Representations
the quantities are represented not by proportional quantities
but by symbols called digits
Eg. Digital watch
characteristics: value changes in discrete steps
 Major Difference
analog = continuous
digital = discrete (step by step)
Exercise
 Which of the following involve analog quantities
and which involve digital quantities?
I. Current flowing out of an electrical outlet
II. Temperature of a room
III.Sand grains on the beach
IV.Automobile speedometer
V. Ten-position switch
Digital & Analog Systems
 A digital system is a combination of
devices designed to manipulate logical
information or physical quantities that are
represented in digital form
 These devices are most often electronic,

but they can also be mechanical or
magnetic
 Digital systems include digital computers

and calculators, digital audio and video
equipment, and the telephone system-the
world's largest digital system
Digital & Analog Systems
 An analog system contains devices
that manipulate physical quantities
that are represented in analog form
 Theses quantities can vary over a

continuous range of values
 Example of analog systems are

audio amplifiers, magnetic tape
recording and playback equipment
Advantages of Digital Techniques
 Digital systems are generally easier to

design
 Information storage is easy
 Accuracy and precision are greater
 Operation can be programmed
 Digital circuits are less affected by noise.
 More digital circuitry can be fabricated on
IC chips
Limitations of Digital Techniques
 There is really only one major drawback
when using digital techniques:
The real world is mainly analog
 When dealing with analog inputs and

outputs, three steps must be followed:
 Convert the real-world analog inputs to digital form
 Process (operate on) the digital information
 Convert the digital outputs back to real-world
analog form
Limitations of Digital Techniques
 The need for conversion between
analog and digital forms of
information can be considered a
drawback because of the added
complexity and expense
 Extra time required to perform these

conversions
END OF CHAPTER
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Digital Electronics

Albert Osei Owusu

 John P. Hayes, “Introduction to Digital

the branch of physics and technology

characteristics: value changes in discrete steps

 These devices are most often electronic,

 Digital systems include digital computers

 Theses quantities can vary over a

 Example of analog systems are

 Digital systems are generally easier to

The real world is mainly analog

 When dealing with analog inputs and

 Extra time required to perform these

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