21ST CENTURY

FROM THE
PHILIPPINES AND
LESSON 2: THE WORLD
LITERARY
STANDARDS
AND ITS
FORMS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

1.To appreciate the importance of literature

2.To identify the different literary standards
3.To familiarize 21st Century Literature and
its forms
IMPORTANCE OF LITERATURE?

•Studying literature is like looking at the

mirror of life where man’s experiences, his
innermost feelings and thoughts are
reflected.
•Through literature, we learn the culture of
people across time and space.
IMPORTANCE OF LITERATURE?

•We understand not only the past life of a

nation but also its present.
•Moreover, we become familiar not only with
the culture of neighboring countries but also
with that of others living very far from us.
IMPORTANCE OF LITERATURE?

•“Perhaps what makes literature a more

delightful and enriching study than the rest
that deal with the past is its potential of
making readers identify with what they read
through values learned.”
– JF Loria
 LITERARY
STANDARDS
• 1. Universality – Literature appeals to everyone,
regardless of culture, race, gender, and time.
• 2. Artistry – Literature has an aesthetic appeal
and thus possess a sense of beauty
• 3. Intellectual Value – Literature stimulates
critical thinking that enriches mental processes of
abstraction and reasoning, making man realize
the fundamental truths of life and its nature.
• 4. Spiritual Value – Literature elevates the spirit and the
soul and thus has the power to motivate and inspire,
drawn from the suggested morals or lessons of the
different literary genres.
• 5. Suggestiveness – Literature unravels and conjures
man’s emotional power to define symbolisms, nuances,
implied meanings, images, and messages, giving and
evoking visions above and beyond the plane of ordinary
life and experience.
• 6. Permanence – Literature endures across time
and draws out the time factor: timeliness
(occurring at a particular time) and timelessness
(remaining invariable throughout time).
• 7. Style – Literature presents peculiar way/s on
how man sees life as evidenced by the formation of
his ideas, forms, structures, and expressions which
are marked by their memorable substance.
21ST CENTURY LITEARTURE
I. Definition
• Literature of the 21st century (2000s onwards)
II. Context
• Early observations of contemporary literature
• Literature as a reaction to existing expressive cultures
III. Influence of Technology
• Increasing engagement with technology
• Emergence of new forms of expressive culture
21ST
CENTURY LITEARTURE

IV. Role of the Internet

•Expansion of resources available through
the internet
•Opportunities for self-expression among
youth
Why 21st Century Literature?
• Simply because SHS students were all born in or just before the
21st century. This century is their century. For them, the 20th
century is what the 19th century is to us teachers.
-Isagani Cruz, Philippine Star
 It teaches us about life by exposing us to the lives of different
people through their stories, and from these vicarious experiences,
we learn important lessons and values. Literature teaches us humanity
– to be sensitive and empathetic towards others.
Forms/ Types of
21st Century
Literature
1. Illustrated Novels
• Story through text and illustrated images. The focus is more on the written
narrative, with images enhancing the story rather than driving it.

• "The Invention of Hugo

Cabret" by Brian Selznick
(2007)

• "Miss Peregrine's Home for

Peculiar Children" by Ransom
Riggs (2011)
2. Digi-Fiction
It is a literary experience that combines three media:
book, movie/video, and Internet websites. Digital
Fiction is fiction that is written for and read from a
computer and can be Web- or app-based (for tablets and
smartphones) or accessed via CDROMs. In order to get
the full story, you must engage in navigation, reading,
viewing in three formats.
• Example:
• "Skeleton Creek" by Patrick
Carman (2009):
The book includes web links to
videos that enhance the story,
providing clues and additional
elements that the reader can
explore. While you can read the
book without watching the videos,
accessing them adds depth to the
narrative and helps to fully immerse
you in the mystery.
3. Graphic Novels
• Narrative in comic book formats.
Graphic novels are similar to comic
books because they use sequential art
to tell a story. Unlike comic books,
graphic novels are generally stand-
alone stories with more complex
plots. Collections of short stories
that have been previously published,
as individual comic books are also
considered graphic novels.
4. Manga
It is used in the English-speaking world as a generic term for all comic
books and graphic novels originally published in Japan.
5. Doodle Fiction
Its a genre that combines hand-drawn
doodles, sketches, or illustrations
with a written narrative, often in a
way that the visuals and text interact
to tell the story. These works are
typically light-hearted, humorous,
and aimed at younger audiences,
though they can appeal to all ages.
6. Chick Lit
Genre of fiction that primarily focuses on the
experiences, relationships, and lives of women, often
with a light-hearted, humorous, or romantic tone. The
term originated in the 1990s and is often associated
with contemporary women's fiction that addresses
issues related to modern womanhood, such as love,
career, friendships, and personal growth.
7. Flash Fiction
• It is a style of fictional literature of extreme brevity.
While there is no set word count that separates flash
fiction from more traditional short stories, flash fiction
stories can be as short as a few words (while short
stories typically run for several pages). Flash fiction is
also known as sudden fiction, short-short stories, micro
•Example
Ernest Hemingway:
• FOR SALE: BABY SOCKS, NEVER WORN.
•Explanation: This story is a emotional exploration of loss and
the lingering presence of a missing child.
Margaret Atwood:
• LONGED FOR HIM. GOT HIM. SHIT.
•Explanation: In a broader sense, Atwood often examines the
tension between what characters yearn for and what they
actually receive, reflecting on the gap between idealized
visions and the often harsh reality.
 8. Speculative
Fiction
• Dystopian,
supernatural fiction,
weird fiction,
superhero fiction,
apocalyptic/post-
apocalyptic, fantastical
fiction, sci-fi.
9. Spoken Poetry
• Oral art that focuses on the aesthetics of word play and
intonation and voice inflection. Characterized by rhyme,
repetition, improvisation, and word play, spoken word poems
frequently refer to issues of social justice, politics, race, and
community. Spoken word poetry is a word-based
performance art where speakers engage in powerful self-
expression by sharing their views on particular topics for a
live audience, focusing on sound and presentation.
QUIZ 1.2
Directions: Choose and write the letter of the BEST answer.

1. What term is used for Japanese

comic books and graphic novels?
A) Manga
B) Doodle Fiction
C) Flash Fiction
D) Chick-Lit
2. What does the 'Permanence' literary standard imply?
A) Literature do not change rapidly over time.
B) Literature endures across time and remains
relevant.
C) Literature is relevant to a specific time period.
D) Literature appeals to a big, specific audience.
3. In Digi-Fiction, how is the full story
experienced?
A) Through a traditional book format only
B) By navigating through a combination
of book, video, and website formats
C) By reading a series of graphic novels
D) Through a collection of short stories
4. Which form of 21st-century literature
combines text and illustrated images to tell a
story?
A) Graphic Novel
B) Digi-Fiction
C) Illustrated Novel
D) Doodle Fiction
5. Which of the following statements best describes
'Speculative Fiction'?
A) It focuses on non-realistic and historical events.
B) It includes genres like dystopian, supernatural,
and science fiction.
C) It is a form of literature that only uses text
without images.
D) It focuses on the daily lives of extra-ordinary
people.
6. Which literary form tells a story primarily
through sequential art and solved story?
A) Flash Fiction
B) Graphic Novels
C) Doodle Fiction
D) Spoken Poetry
7. Which of the following is an example of
Flash Fiction?
A) A 300-page novel
B) A short story with 1,000 words
C) A six-word story
D) A lengthy historical narrative
8. Which form of 21st-century literature includes
interaction between hand-drawn doodles and
written narratives?
A) Graphic Novels
B) Doodle Fiction
C) Illustrated Novels
D) Digi-Fiction
9. Why is 21st-century literature important for SHS
students?
A) It is related to their generation.
B) It teaches them about life through the experiences
of different people.
C) It focuses exclusively on historical events.
D) It is the form of literature they need to study.
10. What is the main characteristic of Flash
Fiction?
A) A narrative told through illustrations
B) Fiction written for digital platforms
C) Fiction that is extremely brief
D) A novel-length story with complex plots
Answers
1.A 6.B
2.B 7.C
3.B 8.B
4.C 9.B
5.B 10.C