Topic 3.1 - Non - Verbal Communication

Unit 3: Speaking Skills
Naivedhi Gandhi | AEC - CS

Topic 3.1: Non–Verbal Communication
Non-verbal Communication is the exchange of information

without using words/language.
Non-verbal communication (NVC) is the transmission of messages or

signals through a non-verbal platform such as eye contact, facial
expressions, gestures, postures, use of objects and body language. It
includes the use of social cues, kinesics, distance (proxemics) and physical
environments/appearance, of voice (paralanguage) and of touch
(haptics).

Categories of Non–Verbal
Communication

 Non-verbal communication can be divided in the following

five categories:
 Kinesics: study of body-language in communication

 Proxemics: study of use of space, place & distance in
communication
 Chronemics: study of use of time in communication
 Para-linguistics: study of vocal/spoken
communication
 Haptics: study of touch in communication
1. Kinesics:
Kinesics is the name given to the study of body's physical movements.
The word ‘Kinesics’ has its origin in the Greek word ‘Kinesis’, which means 'to move’.
Kinesics includes 5 components, which are as follows: (1) Personal Appearance (2) Postures (3) Gestures
(4) Facial Expressions (5) Eye Contact
 Personal Appearance:
Appearance plays an important role, as people see you before they hear you.
Therefore, a person is judged by its appearance before being observed in any other way.
Appearance includes clothes, hair-style, jewellery, cosmetics, and so on.
Appearance communicates how we feel about ourselves and how we want to be viewed.
 Postures:
Position of the body or of body parts is called posture.
Posture generally refers to the way we hold ourselves when we stand, sit or walk.
 Gestures:
Gesture is the movement made by hands, arms, shoulders, head and torso (main part of the body)

 Facial Expression:
Facial expressions are the different ways our face shows how we feel.
Facial expressions help us communicate our emotions without using words.
 Eye Contact:
Eye contact is a direct and powerful tool of communication.
It is important in catching people’s attention towards you.
2. Chronemics
Chronemics is the study of the use of time in non-verbal communication.
Chronemics includes three aspects of time management ---
A. Punctuality
B. Effective utilization of given time
C. Appropriate speed of speaking
Two types of time cultures are ------
A. Mono-chronic Time Culture - people prefer doing one thing at a time and value punctuality.
B. Poly-chronic Time Culture - involves doing multiple things at once, valuing flexibility and relationships
over strict schedules.

3. Proxemics:
Study of physical distance and space between the communicators.

This word was coined by an anthropologist named Edward T. Hall in his book ‘The Hidden Dimension".
It focuses on the relative distance, which depends on the relationship between the speaker and the listener.

4. Para-Linguistics:
- The study of vocal or spoken communication focuses on understanding how we use our voices to communicate.
- Para-language refers to the vocal aspects of language that go beyond words/language.
- The way we use vocals can impact the meaning and effectiveness of our communication.
- It is not only important to consider what we say, but also how we say it.
- Para-linguistics includes the following factors:
1. Volume: It's how loud or soft your voice is.
2. Pace: This is how fast or slow you talk. Speak at a speed that's easy for others to follow; not too fast,
not too slow.
3. Tone of Voice: It conveys emotions along with words. Adapting tone to match feelings, such as being
friendly, enthusiastic, aggressive, or sarcastic. It enhances the message's impact.
4. Intonation: It's how your voice goes up & down.
5. Pronunciation & Articulation: This is when you say sounds and words correctly and clearly, so that
people understand you better. e.g. /ʃ/ શ and /s/ સ
6. Pause: We should take pause at appropriate places while uttering a sentence.
7. Punctuation Marks: Using them in speech helps show what you mean, like when you pause or
emphasize a word. It keeps things clear. e.g. Woman without her man, is nothing. (gives importance to
men.) Woman: without her, man is nothing. (highlights the need of women.)
5. Haptics:
- Haptics is the study of touch via which people and animals communicate.
- Derived from Greek “haptikos” = medical & biological applications of touch.
- Haptics involves handshake, pat, slap, hug, massage, hit, kick, embrace, tickle etc.
- Each touch communicates a unique message like fear, disgust, love, encouragement,
gratitude, sympathy, anger, pain, violence etc.
- Haptic communication differs around the world cultures.

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Unit 3: Speaking Skills

Naivedhi Gandhi | AEC - CS

Non-verbal Communication is the exchange of information

Non-verbal communication (NVC) is the transmission of messages or

Naivedhi Gandhi | AEC - CS

Naivedhi Gandhi | AEC - CS

 Non-verbal communication can be divided in the following

 Kinesics: study of body-language in communication

Naivedhi Gandhi | AEC - CS

Naivedhi Gandhi | AEC - CS

Study of physical distance and space between the communicators.

Naivedhi Gandhi | AEC - CS

Naivedhi Gandhi | AEC - CS

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