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    Day 4 - Chapter III (Classification of Data and GFD)

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    the introduction for the statistics and probability

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    Day 4 - Chapter III (Classification of Data and GFD)

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    the introduction for the statistics and probability

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    the introduction for the statistics and probability

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    4 views36 pages

    Day 4 - Chapter III (Classification of Data and GFD)

    Uploaded by

    mmengesha27
    the introduction for the statistics and probability

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    3

    Classification
    and
    tabulation of
    Classification and tabulation of
    statistical data
    The collected data, also identified as raw
    data or ungrouped data is always in an
    unorganized form and requires to be
    organized and displayed in a meaningful
    and readily understandable form in order
    to help further statistical analysis.
    Classification and tabulation of
    statistical data
    Definition:- Classification is the
    process of arranging data into
    homogeneous (similar) groups according
    to their common characteristics.
    Classification and tabulation of
    statistical data
    For example, the population of a town
    can be grouped according to sex, age,
    marital status, etc.
    Classification and tabulation of
    statistical data(Contd. . . )
    Types of classifications:
     Spatial /Geographical
    classification
     Chronological classification
     Qualitative classification
     Quantitative classification
    Classification and tabulation of statistical data(Contd. . . )

    Geographical / Spatial classification

    Under this type of classification, the


    data are classified on the basis of area
    or place, and as such, this type of
    classification is also known as areal or
    spatial classification.
    Classification and tabulation of statistical data(Contd. . . )

    The areas may be in terms of countries,


    states, districts, or zones according as
    the data are distributed. This type of
    classification is suitable for those data
    which are distributed geographically
    relating to a phenomenon namely
    Classification and tabulation of statistical data(Contd. . . )

    population, mineral resources, production,


    sales, students of universities etc.
    Example1 :- Coffee suppliers of the
    different regions of Ethiopia to the central
    government.
    Example2 :- The coffee exporters in the
    world.
    Classification and tabulation of statistical data(Contd. . . )

    Chronological classification

    Under this type of classification, the data


    collected are classified on the basis of
    time of their occurrence. As such, the
    series obtained under this classification
    is purely known as a time series.
    Classification and tabulation of statistical data(Contd. . . )

    This type of classification is suitable for


    chose data which take place in course of
    time namely population, production,
    sales, results etc.
    Classification and tabulation of statistical data(Contd. . . )

    The different classes obtained under this


    classification are arranged in order of
    the time which may begin either with the

    earliest, or the latest period.


    The following table refers to the second Growth &
    Transformation Plan of the government of
    Ethiopia (Ethiopia Coffee Annual Report: Global
    Agriculture Information Network.)
    Table 1: Status of GPT II Production Target (1,000 Metric
    Tons)
    2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20

    GTP II Target 504 605 726 871 1,103

    Production 391 417 423 438 444

    % Achived 78 69 58 49 40
    Classification and tabulation of statistical data(Contd. . . )

    Qualitative Classification
    Under this type of classification, the data
    obtained are classified based on certain
    descriptive character or qualitative aspect of
    a phenomenon namely sex, citizenship,
    qualification, marital status,, religion etc.
    Classification and tabulation of statistical data(Contd. . . )

    Quantitative Classification

    Under this type of classification, the


    collected data are classified on the basis
    of certain variable namely mark,
    income, expenditure, profit, loss, height,
    weight, age, price, production etc
    Classification and tabulation of
    statistical data(Contd. . . )

    We divide quantitative classification in


    to two variables:
     Discrete variables
     Continuous variables
    Classification and tabulation of
    statistical data(Contd. . . )

    Discrete and continuous variables are two


    broad categories of numerical data.
    Numeric variables represent characteristics
    that you can express as numbers rather
    than descriptive language.
    Classification and tabulation of
    statistical data(Contd. . . )

    Discrete variables can only assume


    specific values that you cannot
    subdivide. Typically, you count
    discrete values, and the results are
    integers.
    Classification and tabulation of
    statistical data(Contd. . . )

    For example, if you work at a zoo,


    you’ll count the number of lions.
    Discrete data can only take on specific
    values. For example, you might count
    20 lions at the zoo.
    Classification and tabulation of
    statistical data(Contd. . . )

    These variables cannot have fractional or


    decimal values. You can have 20 or 21
    lions, but not 20.5! Natural
    numbers have discrete values.
    Other examples of discrete variables
    include the following:
    Classification and tabulation of
    statistical data(Contd. . . )

     The number of books in the library.


     The number of heads in a sequence of
    coin tosses.
     The result of rolling a die.
     The number of patients in a hospital.
    Classification and tabulation of
    statistical data(Contd. . . )
    While discrete variables have no decimal
    places, the average of these values can be
    fractional. For example, families can have
    only a discrete number of children: 1, 2, 3,
    etc. However, the average number of
    children per family can be 2.2.
    Classification and tabulation of
    statistical data(Contd. . . )

    Continuous variables can assume any


    numeric value and can be meaningfully
    split into smaller parts. Consequently,
    they have valid fractional and decimal
    values.
    Classification and tabulation of
    statistical data(Contd. . . )

    In fact, continuous variables have an


    infinite number of potential values
    between any two points. Generally, you
    measure them using a scale. When you see
    decimal places for individual data points,
    you’re looking at a continuous data.
    Classification and tabulation of
    statistical data(Contd. . . )

    Examples of continuous variables


    include weight, height, length, time,
    and temperature, salary of workers,
    marks of students, telephone bills etc.
    Classification and tabulation of
    statistical data(Contd. . . )

    Frequency Distributions
    Frequency Distributions are tabular
    representations of a quantitatively
    classified data.
    Classification and tabulation of
    statistical data(Contd. . . )

    We divide Frequency Distributions


    into two measure groups:
     Ungrouped Frequency Distributions
     Grouped Frequency Distributions
    Classification and tabulation of
    statistical data(Contd. . . )

    Ungrouped data is data given as individual data


    points. Grouped data is data given in intervals.
    Example The following table refers to the marks in
    statistics and probability course (out of 25) of the
    sample of 20 students at HiLCoE in Winter 2022
    term.
    Classification and tabulation of statistical
    data(Contd.
    Classification and tabulation of
    statistical data(Contd. . . )

    Grouped Frequency
    Distribution
    Definition:- A Grouped Frequency Distribution
    (GFD) is a table in which the values for a
    variable are grouped into classes together with
    the numbers of observed values falling into each
    class. The number of observed values that
    Grouped Frequency Distribution
     Number of Classes
     Class Width
     Class Limits
     Class Boundaries
     Class Mark
     Frequency
     Rules for forming a GFD
     Graphs of a GFD

    • Histogram
    • Frequency Polygon
    Grouped Frequency Distribution

    Example 2:- The following table refers to the weight


    (to the nearest kg) of a sample of 50 students of the
    2021 graduating class of the computer science
    department of Jimma University.
    Weight (in kg) Number of students
    45 – 52 5
    53 -60 8
    61 – 68 13
    69 – 76 16
    77 – 84 5
    85 - 92 3
    Class Limits and Frequency

    Class Limit Frequency


    45 – 52 5

    53 -60 8

    61 – 68 13

    69 – 76 16

    77 – 84 5

    85 - 92 3
    Class Limits, Class Boundaries and
    Frequency
    Class Limit Class Boundary Frequency

    45 – 52 44.5 – 52.5 5

    53 -60 52.5 - 60.5 8

    61 – 68 60.5 – 68.5 13

    69 – 76 68.5 – 76.5 16

    77 – 84 76.5 – 84.5 5

    85 - 92 84.5 – 92.5 3
    Class Limits, Class Boundaries, Class Marks
    and Frequency

    Class Limit Class Boundary Class Mark Frequency

    45 – 52 44.5 – 52.5 48.5 5

    53 -60 52.5 - 60.5 56.5 8

    61 – 68 60.5 – 68.5 64.5 13

    69 – 76 68.5 – 76.5 72.5 16

    77 – 84 76.5 – 84.5 80.5 5

    85 - 92 84.5 – 92.5 88.5 3

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