EAP 11 12 UNIT 5 LESSON 3 Writing A Bibliography

Unit 5: Citing Sources of Information
Lesson 3
Writing a Bibliography
English for Academic and Professional Purposes

Senior High School Applied - Academic
What Is a Bibliography?
● A bibliography lists all of the sources
you used for your research and even
background reading.
● Any work you’ve consulted, even if you
did not actively refer to them in your
paper, must still be included in your
bibliography.
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● A reference list is slightly different from

a bibliography as it only lists the sources
that you directly used in your paper.
● The purpose of the bibliography or
reference list is to help your readers find
the sources that you used in your paper.
● It also lets you give proper credit to the

authors and researchers whom you
consulted for their ideas.

Bibliography in APA
● The APA citation style has a specific

formatting guide for your bibliography or
references list.
● At the start of your reference list, write
“References” as the title of the page.
Bibliography in APA
● Order two or more publications of the
same author by year of publication, with
the earlier one going first.
● If they are published in the same year,
add a letter, starting with “a,” after the
year, inside the parentheses.
● Include this in the in-text citation as well.
● Example: (2013a)
Bibliography in APA
● Make sure URLs are not underlined so
that any underscores ( _ ) are visible.
● Order references with the same first
author but different second authors
alphabetically by the second or
subsequent authors.
● For journal titles, use headline style;
capitalize all words except articles and
prepositions.
Bibliography in APA
● Use an en dash (or a hyphen if an en

dash is unavailable for your computer),
for page ranges.
● There should be no spaces in between
the en dash and the page numbers.
● Example: 23–30

Bibliography in APA
● If the medium of the source is important,
use square brackets for this detail to be
included.
● Example:
Scorsese, M. (Producer), & Lonergan, K.
(Writer/Director). (2000). You can count
on me [Motion picture]. United States:
Paramount Pictures.
Bibliography in APA
Example 1
The sample reference is a book chapter. Format:
Author (year of publication). Chapter title. In editor,
book title (page range). Publisher.
Ocampo, J. (2015). How poverty affects health. In N.

Galvez (Ed.), The health situation in the Philippines
(pp. 85–98). University of the Philippines Press.
Bibliography in APA
Example 2
Example of an article from an online journal cited in
the APA format using a DOI.
Gaudio, J. L., & Snowdon, C. T. (2008). Spatial cues

more salient than color cues in cotton-top tamarins
(saguinus oedipus) reversal learning. Journal of
Comparative Psychology, 122, 441-444. doi:
10.1037/0735-7036.122.4.441

Bibliography in APA
● DOI stands for Digital Object

Identifier.
● It is a string of characters that is used to
identify a journal article, although it can
also be used in other publication types,
including books.

Bibliography in APA
● The DOI provides a permanent Internet

address for the item so that they are
easier to find.

Bibliography in MLA
● In MLA, the references list is referred to

as the works cited page.
● It is found at the end of a paper and
should give the information on any
sources used in your paper.
Bibliography in MLA
● The title “Works Cited” is also included,

capitalized and centered at the
beginning of the page.

Bibliography in MLA
These are the most important format rules

in the MLA citation style:
● Double line spacing
● One-inch margins
● Hanging indent on entries over one line
● Alphabetized by the author’s last name
Bibliography in MLA
● The MLA style provides a format of nine

core elements that you can include for
any source.
● Author. Title. Container, Other
Contributors, Version, Number, Publisher,
Date, Location.
● Include only the elements that are
relevant
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to the source
EXPLAI
you
EXTEN
are citing.
EVALUA
EXPLO 17
Bibliography in MLA
● The MLA style provides a format of nine

core elements that you can include for
any source.
● Author. Title. Container, Other
Contributors, Version, Number, Publisher,
Date, Location.
● Include only the elements that are
relevant
ENGAG
to the source
EXPLAI
you
EXTEN
are citing.
EVALUA
EXPLO 18
Bibliography in MLA
Example 1
The sample source is the same as in the first example
of APA, but now it is following MLA’s “Author. Title.
Container, Other Contributors, Version, Number,
Publisher, Date, Location.” format.
Ocampo, John. “How poverty affects health.” The

health situation in the Philippines, Edited by Nico
Galvez, UP Press, 2015, pp. 85–98.
Bibliography in
Chicago/Turabian
● In the Chicago/Turabian citation style,
a bibliography is usually used.
● All of the works you used in your
research must be included, even those
that are not explicitly cited or mentioned
in your paper.
Bibliography in MLA
Example 2
These two sources with the same author are cited in the
MLA format.
Nordhaus, William D. "After Kyoto: Alternative Mechanisms

to Control Global Warming." American Economic Review,
vol. 96, no. 2, 2006, pp. 31-34.
---. "Global Warming Economics." Science, vol. 294, no.
5545, 9 Nov. 2001, pp. 1283-84, DOI:
10.1126/science.1065007.
Bibliography in Chicago/Turabian
● Your Bibliography page must start with

the title “Bibliography.”
● Arrange your sources alphabetically by
the last name of the author, editor, or
whoever is cited first in the entry.

● Hanging indent your references.

● Single space your sources.
● Cite the complete title with any subtitles.
● Titles should be separated from their
subtitles with a colon.

● Replace any ampersands (&) in titles with

“and.”
● Titles should be headline style.
● Titles not in English should be formatted
in sentence style.

● If two or more cities of publication are

listed, use only the first city.
● If there is a DOI listed with the work, use
that as the location of the online source.
If no DOI is available, use a stable URL.

Chicago/Turabian Citation Style
Example 1
Here is an example of a bibliography entry in
Chicago/Turabian.
Ocampo, John. “How poverty affects health.” The

health situation in the Philippines. Quezon City: UP
Press (2015): 85–98.
Chicago/Turabian Citation Style
Example 2
Here are examples of works with the same author, formatted in the
Chicago/Turabian style.
Sito, Tom. "Margaret the Duck and Other Memories of Annecy." Animation
21, no. 7 (2007): 24-24. Art & Architecture Complete.
———. Moving Innovation: A History of Computer Animation. Cambridge,

MA: MIT Press, 2013.
———. "Walt and the Professor." Animation 28, no. 7 (2014): 16-17. Art &
Architecture Complete.

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Unit 5: Citing Sources of Information

English for Academic and Professional Purposes

● A reference list is slightly different from

● It also lets you give proper credit to the

ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 4

● The APA citation style has a specific

● Use an en dash (or a hyphen if an en

ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 8

Ocampo, J. (2015). How poverty affects health. In N.

Gaudio, J. L., & Snowdon, C. T. (2008). Spatial cues

ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 11

● DOI stands for Digital Object

ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 12

● The DOI provides a permanent Internet

ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 13

● In MLA, the references list is referred to

● The title “Works Cited” is also included,

ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 15

These are the most important format rules

● The MLA style provides a format of nine

● The MLA style provides a format of nine

Ocampo, John. “How poverty affects health.” The

Nordhaus, William D. "After Kyoto: Alternative Mechanisms

● Your Bibliography page must start with

ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 22

● Hanging indent your references.

ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 23

● Replace any ampersands (&) in titles with

ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 24

● If two or more cities of publication are

ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 25

Ocampo, John. “How poverty affects health.” The

———. Moving Innovation: A History of Computer Animation. Cambridge,

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