Effective

Presentat
ions

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AGENDA
• Pre-Presentation Jitters
• Planning, Preparation, Practice, Performance
• Audience Analysis
• Audio-Visual Aids
• Analyzing the Nonverbal
• Methods of Delivery: Impromptu,
Extemporaneous, Memorisation, Manuscript,
Outlining
• Handling Q&A
• Overcoming Stage Fright
• Qualities of a Skillful Presenter

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Why Fear of Speaking Is Not an Option

“Poor presentation skills mean that leaders fail to

inspire their teams, products fail to sell,
entrepreneurs fail to attract funding, and careers
fail to soar. That seems like a big price to pay for
neglecting such a basic skill that anyone can
improve upon.”

Carmine Gallo
communication coach

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 Why master Presentations?

Professional Effective Problem

Building Effective
Advancement Solving and
Confidence Communication
Decision Making

Enhanced Effective
Engaging and
Professional Knowledge
Influencing others
Image Sharing

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Pre-
Presenta
tion
Jitters

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Stage Fright
Symptoms
• Increased Heart Rate
• Sweating
• Tied Tongue
• Shaky Hands or Voice/Wobbly knees
• Dry Mouth or Difficulty Swallowing
• Racing Thoughts or Mental Blankness
• Muscle Tension
• Shortness of Breath
• Digestive Discomfort
• Increased Urge to Use the Restroom
• Sleep Disturbances
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 Purpose of the Presentation’s
Message

TO INFORM TO ENTERTAIN TO PERSUADE TO INSPIRE

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 The Audience: Lenny
askowski
A- Analysis: Who are they? How many will be there?
U- Understanding: What is their knowledge of the subject?
D- Demographics: What is their age, gender, educational background?
I- Interest: Why are they there? Who asked them to be there?
E- Environment: Where will I stand? Can they all see & hear me?
N- Needs: What are their needs? What are your needs as a speaker?
C- Customised: What specific needs do you need to address?
E-Expectations: What do they expect to learn or hear from you?

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VAK and Other
Learners
The VAK Learners
• Visual or Spatial
• Auditory or aural
• Kinesthetic or physical

Others
• Verbal or linguistic
• Logical or mathematical
• Social or interpersonal
• Solitary or intrapersonal

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The Four Audience Types
Audience Traits Organizational Delivery Style Supporting Material
Pattern
Friendly • They like you • Use any pattern • Use lots of • Include humor,
and your topic • Try some thing new eye contact personal
• Be warm, • Involve the and smiles • examples, and
pleasant, and audience experiences
open.
Neutral • They are calm, • Present both sides • Be controlled • Use facts, stats,
rational of the issue • Do nothing expert opinion,
• Their minds are • Use pro/con or showy comparison &
made up, but problem/solution • Use contrast
they think they patterns confident, • Avoid humor,
are objective • Save time for small personal stories,
audience questions gestures and flashy visuals.

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The Four Audience Types
Audience Traits Organizational Delivery Style Supporting
Pattern Material
Uninterested • Have short • Be brief—include • Be dynamic and Use:
attention no more than three entertaining • humor
spans points • Move around • cartoons
• May be • Avoid topical & • Use large • colorful visuals
Present pro/con patterns gestures • Powerful Quotes
against their that seem lengthy • Startling Statistics
will darkening the to
Avoid the audience
room, standing motionless, passing out handouts, using
Hostile Wantvisuals
•boring to takeor expecting
Organize using a
the audience Be calm and
• participate.
to • Include objective
charge or noncontroversial controlled data and expert
ridicule the pattern, such as a • Speak evenly opinion
speaker topical, chronological, and slowly • Avoid anecdotes
• May be or geographical and humor
defensive, strategy
emotional

Avoid a question-and-answer period, if possible; otherwise, use a

moderator or accept only written questions 11
 Content: Structure

01 02 03
Tell them what you Tell them. Tell them what you
are going to tell have told them.
them.

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The Burger Presentation Model Introduction: Introduce the Topic
A Burger has three main parts: a top bun, the tikki,
• Attention Getter
and the bottom bun. Presentations also have three main
parts : an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. • Background
• 3Main ideas
Body: Information & details about
the topic
Main Idea One
• 2-3 Supporting statements or details

Main Idea Two

• 2-3 Supporting statements or details

Main Idea Three

• 2-3 Supporting statements or details

Conclusion: Summarize Presentation

To “dress up” the burger, we use lettuce, tomatoes,
• 3 Main Ideas
pickles, tikki, onions, and condiments. Similarly, we • Significance (Why does it matter?)
can “dress up” our presentations with descriptive • Clincher or call to action
words. 14
Gaining and Keeping Audience
Attention

A promise Drama Eye contact Movement

Questions Demonstrations Samples/props Visuals

Current
Dress Self-interest
events/statistics

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 Patterns of Arranging the
Subject Matter

Chronological Spatial/Geography Cause and Effect

Problem-Solution Topical

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The Audio-Visual Aids:
Purpose

• Simplify , Emphasize and clarify the data

• Improve retention
• Increase audience interest
• Make the presenter appear prepared & persuasive
• Helpful for inexperienced speakers
• Improve the self-confidence, poise, and delivery

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IS YOUR VISUAL/AUDIO AID ...

Appropriate as per the specific purpose, audience & occasion of the presentation?

Supporting your main points

Serving your purpose?

Understandable/Communicating?

Imaginative/innovative?

Visible?

Neatly prepared?

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Perfect Slides?

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 Emphasize main points

Remember the 6X6 rule

Points to
Remember
Use relevant pictures

Font Readable
Use Sans Serif Font
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 Use pictures, but don’t let them use you

Keep slides SIMPLE! Too much diverts audience

away from content

Points to Too many pictures also make saving a

presentation difficult
Rememb
er Be careful with space & distancing

Text must stand out

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 Bad Color Choices

Avoid loud, garish colors…dark text on light background is best

Avoid text colors that fade into background- yellow, pink

color-blind combinations:
Avoid Red and green

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Awesome?

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…and
A presentation is the Avoid too many
Check grammar! worst time to see transitions or
misspellings! animations.

Cite your sources on

Remember: KEEP IT
each slide or at the end
SIMPLE! It’s just a tool!
of your presentation.

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Practice makes
Perfect
Why Rehearse
• To Time oneself
• To know the mistakes/gaps/glitches
• To make necessary changes

How to Rehearse
• In front of the mirror
• Record your performance
• In front of your family/friends
• Recreate the environment

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Overcoming Stage fright

Breathe Convert Know Use Take Shift Ignore Feel

Breathe Convert Know Use Take a sip Shift the Ignore Feel
deeply your fear your positive of water spotlight any proud
topic and self-talk to your stumbles when you
prepare visuals finish

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 The
Performance
Methods of Delivery
• Impromptu
• Extemporaneous
• Memorized
• Manuscript
• Outline

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The Body Talk:
KOPPACT

• Kinesics
• Occulesics
• Paralinguistics
• Proxemics
• Artifactics
• Chronemics
• Tactilics

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Visual Cues
• Appearance
• Eye contact
• Facial expressions
• Posture
• Gestures
• Movements

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Posture
• Sloppy
• Casual
• Attentive
• Readiness
• Rigidity

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Audience
Engagement
Assessment

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 • To emphasize
• To describe
Gestures • To elaborate
• To point

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Gestures

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Wide Stance:
Confident, in control

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Holding the
Ball:
Commanding,
dominant

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Pyramid
Hands:
Self-assured,
relaxed

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Palms Up:
Honest, accepting

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Palms Down:
Strong, Assertive

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The Box:
Trustworthy,
truthful

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Eye Contact
• Focusing your eyes helps you concentrate
• Makes your words more memorable
• Eye contact and movement helps people notice and
remember you
• Communicates confidence and belief in your point of view
• Audience feel invited to engage with you and give
feedback
• Powerful ways to make a person feel recognized,
understood and validated
• Creates and deepens attraction

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Facial Expressions
• Convey emotions
• Convey attitudes
• Making a first impression

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Movements & Proxemics
• Attention
• Interaction
• To get rid of nervousness
• To increase emphasis, suggest transitions

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Chronemics
• Know the time limit
• Time each section of your presentation
• Summarize your points
• Rehearse
• Start on time
• Watch the clock

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Artifactics: Attire
Communicates identity, personality, and
image

Dress slightly more formally than you

anticipate your audience will dress

Match your appearance to the occasion and

the audience

Think professional, rather than festive

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Vocal Cues:
Paralanguage
Your voice has a psychological effect on people
People judge you by your voice
• Pitch
• Rate
• Volume
• Vocal quality
• Pronunciation
For: Emotions, Significance, Magnitude…

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Don’t be a Dead
Speaker!
Vary your pitch – with purpose
Volume is good - confidence, strength and vigour
Pace yourself – lead the audience (vary it as well!)
Pause for emphasis and for empathy
Intonation conveys the mood, emotions
Pronunciation & Enunciation are important
Avoid non-words like uugh,umm, aa, basically, like etc.

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The Online Presence

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Handling Q & A

Regular questions
• Listen to the entire question
• Repeat the entire question
• Pause for a moment
• Answer or respond to the question
• After responding bridge to the next question

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Handling Q & A

No Questions!
• Throw out the first question “Many people have sked
me…”
• Deliberately omit an obvious part of your
presentation
• If you have not yet concluded, “If there are no
questions, let me share one final thought…”
• Plant a Stooge

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Handling Q & A

The Difficult or Hostile Questions

• The Delay tactic
• Compound question “Which one should I answer first?”
• Diffusion tactic: Neutral position
• Just agree with them

You need to:

• Stay calm and positive
• Be Truthful , Fair & Friendly
• Not place your hands on your hips or point at the audience
• Quit while you’re ahead

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 Qualities of a Skillful Presenter

• Is confident: Carry your attitude on your sleeves

• Knows the Audience: Audience is the King
• Uses fewer slides and fewer words: Reduce clutter where you
can.
• Does not use too many Bullet points: Complement text with
photos, videos, images
• Enhances Vocal Delivery: Don’t underestimate the power of
your voice to make a positive impression on your audience
• Creates ‘WoW’ moments: Give your audience something extra.
• Respects Time: Remember the KISS principle
• Rehearses: Put in the time to make yourself great.

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