#3 - 2G BSS Radio Parameter
#3 - 2G BSS Radio Parameter
#3 - 2G BSS Radio Parameter
During normal cell selection, the MS tries to select the most suitable cell to camp on .
A cell is considered suitable if:
it belongs to the selected PLMN
it is not barred (Note: When a cell is barred it will not be camped on by an MS in idle mode,
however, an MS in dedicated mode can perform handover to it)
the cell selection criterion is fulfilled (C1 > 0)
MS will search all the RF channels, take samples during 3-5 s and calculate averages. And put them in
ascending order with respect to signal level. Then tune to the strongest RF channel.
C1 Criterion
C1 = A – max(B,0)
= RLA_C – RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN – max(MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH – P , 0)
I am
outside
I am inside, but
B,0)
have not enough x(
power ma
C2 Criterion
C2
no TEMPORARY OFFSET
serving cell: C1
• C2:
new candidate
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
List of 6 = former serving
strongest cell
T
carriers:
• C2: C2
• C2:
• C2: C1
• C2:
• C2:
• C2: CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
new candidate
= formerly non-
serving cell TEMPORARY OFFSET
T
PENALTY_TIME
Cell Reselection
C2
cell 1 cell reselection &
cell 3
location update
cell
reselection cell 2
CELL_RESELECT_
HYSTERESIS (HYS)
LAC = A LAC = B
Location Area Update
REQUEST SUBSCRIBER ID
SEND SUBSCRIBER ID
AUTHENTICATION
AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE
Reduced interference
on DL/UL
• for DL and UL
• for each call
Power Control
Parameter Maximum MS output power
bsTxPowerMin 0..30 dB
Power Control Parameter
Power Change step sizes
Power Control Strategy
Measurement Averaging
POWER
POWER CONTROL
CONTROL
UPLINK
UPLINK
UL Quality <Av_RXQUAL_UL>
DL Level <Av_RXLEV_DL>
POWER
POWER CONTROL
CONTROL
DOWNLINK
DOWNLINK
Nx samples
Less than Px samples exceed threshold
No power change triggered
Actual average samples
threshold
Nx samples
Signal level thresholds Px samples are equal to or exceed threshold
Power change triggered
pcUpperThresholdLevelDL/UL (UDR/UUR) -110..-47 dBm
pcLowerThresholdLevelDL/UL (LDR/LUR) -110..-47 dBm
Power change step size estimation
Signal quality thresholds
Nx 1..32
Px 1..32
Power Control Strategy
Scenarios
pcLowerThresholdsLevelDL/UL
Yes No
pcUpperThresholdsLevelDL
variableDLStepUse (VDLS) = No
Yes No
pcUpperThresholdsLevelUL
Yes No
pcLowerThresholdsQualDL/UL
pcUpperThresholdsQualDL/UL
Yes No
Qual 0
Power increase Power decrease Power decrease
due to level 6 dB due to quality due to level
or quality
Upper Quality
Lower Quality
Power increase Power increase Power increase
due to level due to quality due to quality
or quality
Qual 7
Handover Control
Handover Control
Nx samples
Less than Px samples >= threshold
No handover triggered
Actual average samples
threshold
Umbrella handover
RX level and RX quality margins to prevent repeated handovers between adjacent cells
hoMarginQual (QMRG) -24..24 dB handover due to signal quality
hoMarginLevel (LMRG) -24..24 dB handover due to signal level
EnableHOMarginLevQual (MRGS) Y/N required to enable margins
Handover due to uplink / downlink interference
If the HO threshold comparison indicates that a handover because of uplink or downlink
interference is required, the BSC may perform either an intra-cell handover or an intercell handover.
If hoPreferenceOrderInterDL/UL = INTER
(perform Intra cell HO if preference is INTRA)
Ranking of adjacent cells
enableHOMarginLevQual = Y enableHOMarginLevQual = N
Yes No
Thresholds
Adjacent
Adjacentcells
cellsevaluation
evaluation
BOTH
BOTHthe
theQuality
Qualityand
andInterference
InterferenceThreshold
Thresholdisisexceeded
exceeded • • Conditions 1a and 2b:
(bad_RxQuality/good_RxLevel) INTERFERENCE Conditions 1a and 2b:
(bad_RxQuality/good_RxLevel) INTERFERENCE
HO AV_RXLEV_NCELL
AV_RXLEV_NCELL––
HO
AV_RXLEV_DL_HO
AV_RXLEV_DL_HO>>
hoMarginQual
hoMarginQualfulfilled
fulfilled
Adjacent cell(n)
RX Quality RX Level • • If no adjacent -> Intra HO
If no adjacent -> Intra HO
2
Adjacent cell(n)
Serving cell Serving cell
3 -80
4
hoThresholdQualDL -85 hoThresholdInterferenceDL
5 Suitable HO target
Suitable HO target
cell:
HO -90 cell:
HO RxLev(n)≥ RxLev
RxLev(n)≥ RxLev
6
t1 t2 t1 t2
Handover due to uplink / downlink quality
If the HO threshold comparison indicates that a handover because of uplink or downlink
quality is required, the BSC evaluates the radio link properties of the adjacent cells to
find a target cell for the handover.
Thresholds
hoThresholdsQualDL/UL 0..7
enableHOMarginLevQual = Y enableHOMarginLevQual = N
Suitable adjacent
cell ?
Yes No
Adjacent
Adjacentcells
cellsevaluation
evaluation
Quality
QualityThreshold
Thresholdisismet
met(bad_RxQuality)
(bad_RxQuality) QUALITY
QUALITYHO
HO • • Conditions 1a and 2b:
Conditions 1a and 2b:
AV_RXLEV_NCELL
AV_RXLEV_NCELL––
AV_RXLEV_DL_HO
AV_RXLEV_DL_HO>>
hoMarginQual
hoMarginQualfulfilled
fulfilled
RX Quality RX Level • • If no adjacent -> HO Fail
If no adjacent -> HO Fail
Adjacent cell(n)
2
Serving cell
-80
Adjacent cell(n)
3
hoThresholdLevDL
-85
4
hoThresholdQualDL
Serving cell Suitable HO target
-90 Suitable HO target
5 cell:
cell:
RxLev(n)≥ RxLev
RxLev(n)≥ RxLev
HO
HO
6
t1 t2 t1 t2
Handover due to uplink / downlink level
If the HO threshold comparison indicates that a handover because of uplink or downlink
level is required, the BSC evaluates the radio link properties of the adjacent cells to find
a target cell for the handover.
Thresholds
hoThresholdsLevDL/UL -110..-47 dBm
enableHOMarginLevQual = Y enableHOMarginLevQual = N
Yes No
Adjacent
Adjacentcells
cellsevaluation
evaluation
Level
LevelThreshold
Thresholdisismet
met(bad_RxLevel)
(bad_RxLevel) LEVEL
LEVELHO
HO • • Conditions 1a and 2b:
Conditions 1a and 2b:
AV_RXLEV_NCELL
AV_RXLEV_NCELL––
AV_RXLEV_DL_HO
AV_RXLEV_DL_HO>>
hoMarginLevel
hoMarginLevelfulfilled
fulfilled
• • If no adjacent -> HO Fail
RX Level RX Level If no adjacent -> HO Fail
Serving cell
-90 Serving cell
-90
hoThresholdLevelDL 3 dB
-95
-95 Adjacent cell(n)
Suitable target cell:
HO
HO
Suitable target cell:
-100 RxLev(n)≥ RxLev+3dB
RxLev(n)≥ RxLev+3dB
t1 t2 t1 t2
Handover due to Power Budget
The power budget handover procedure ensures that the MS is always handed over to
the cell with the minimum path loss, even though the quality and the level thresholds
may not have been exceeded.
.
Must be enabled with
enablePwrBudgetHandover (EPB) Y/N
Periodic check of RX levels of adjacent cells
hoPeriodPBGT 0..63 SACCH
periods
Yes No
Maximum MS output power allowed on TCH: P TCH -> defined for every adjacent cell
Maximum MS output capability : P MAX -> defined by power class
Cell classification criteria (what cell type is the adjacent cell): consider PTCH
Yes No
900 ‘Macro’
A
1800 ‘Micro’
Threshold umbrella handover –
85 dBm
Threshold RX level
handover –95 dBm
Umbrella
Umbrellahandover
handovertoto RX
B RXlevel
levelhandover
handover
1800
1800cell back
cell back to 900cell
to 900 cell
Directed Retry Handover
Parameter
No TCH available during call set up in serving cell -> handover to TCH of other cell
Assignment
congested Request Time
maxTimeLimitDR
DR not allowed
DR allowed
Handover due to Directed Retry
No TCH available during call set up in serving cell than handover to TCH of other cell
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Frequency
Call is transmitted through several frequencies to
• average the interference (interference diversity)
• minimise the impact of fading (frequency diversity)
F1
F2
F3
Time
The Benefit of Frequency Hopping
F1
F2
F3
MS Location Distance
Bursts sent on frequency F2 are degraded or lost, but the initial signal may
still be reconstructed from the bursts on frequencies F1 and F3.
The Benefit of Frequency Hopping
F1 F1
F3 F1
F1
F2 average
F2 F3 F2 F3
F2 F
3
Hopping sequence
hoppingSequenceNumber (HSN) 0..63
0 = cyclic hopping
1..63 = pseudorandom hopping
Baseband Hopping
0 1 2 7 Timeslot
0 1 2 7 Timeslot
TRX 1 BC
CH f1 – no hopping
TRX 2
setting of MAIO
9 hopping hopping frequencies MAI = 0..8
9 frequencies available for every TRX
RF Hopping
Flexible MAIO Management
MAIO MAIO
Freeform hopping Offset Step MAI
TRX-1 (BCCH) -
• Not adequate for MA list with consecutive ARFCN values TRX-2 0
• Avoids co-channel interference but not adjacent channel Sector-1 0 2
TRX-3 2
interference TRX-4 4
BCCH BCCH
MA list MA list
Non-adjacent ARFCN Consecutive ARFCN
MA
MAlist
listand
andBCCH
BCCHfrequency
frequencyplanning
planningrequired
required Only
OnlyBCCH
BCCHfrequency
frequencyplanning
planningrequired
required
Thank you.
APPENDIX
Power control parameter
With power optimization
TRX Level
Activation of power optimisation
BTS Level
Maximum decrement step size in dependence on signal quality
Power
Power decrease
decrease step
step size
size for
for MS
MS
PWR_DECR_STEP
PWR_DECR_STEP == Min
Min (pwrDecrLimit,
(pwrDecrLimit, Max
Max (A,B))
(A,B))
AA == Max
Max (0,
(0, RXLEV_UL
RXLEV_UL -- optimumRxLevUL)
optimumRxLevUL)
BB == (powerDecrQualFactor
(powerDecrQualFactor ++ Max
Max (0,QUAL))
(0,QUAL)) ** powerDecrStepSize
powerDecrStepSize
with
with QUAL
QUAL == pcUpperThreshold
pcUpperThreshold -- <RXQUAL_UL>
<RXQUAL_UL>
Term
Term A:
A: Would
Would bring
bring actual
actual receive
receive level
level exactly
exactly to
to optimum
optimum level
level
Term
Term B:
B: Considers
Considers difference
difference between
between average
average receive
receive quality
quality and
and threshold
threshold quality
quality
Power
Power decrease
decrease step
step size
size for
for BTS
BTS
PWR_DECR_STEP
PWR_DECR_STEP == Min
Min [Min
[Min (pwrDecrLimit,
(pwrDecrLimit, Max
Max (A,B)),10]
(A,B)),10]
TCH Allocation
With power optimization
MS_TXPWR_OPT =
MsTxPwrMaxGSM(BTS) - MAX( 0,( RXLEV_UL - OptimumRxLevUL ))
• When the handover to be performed is an inter-cell handover, the optimization is controlled by the
parameter MS pwr opt level(n).
• When the handover to be performed is an intra-cell handover, the optimization is controlled by the
parameter optimum RX level uplink.
Inter-Cell MS_TXPWR_OPT(n) =
Handove MsTxPwrMaxGSM(ADJ)(n) - MAX(0,(AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) - MsPwrOptLevel(n)))
r • AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) is the averaged downlink signal level of the adjacent cell (n)
• MsPwrOptLevel(n) (POPT) is set for each adjacent cell
GSM
GSM
Operator
OperatorAA
GSM/WCDMA
GSM/WCDMA
Roaming
Roamingpartner
partnerBB
Signalling chart of Handover
Basic Handover Timers
Minimum time between consecutive handovers related to same
connection
minIntBetweenHOReq (MIH) 0..31 s
Time interval between consecutive RX level estimations of the adjacent cells for power
budget and umbrella handover
hoPeriodPBGT (HPP) 0..63 SACCH periods
hoPeriodUmbrella (HPU) 0..63 SACCH periods
Distance any 20 s +
minIntBetweenHOReq