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Elements of Art
Texture
• The texture is the quality of a surface or
the way any work of art is represented. • Lines and shading can be used to create different textures as well. – For example….if one is portraying certain fabrics, one needs to give the feeling of the right texture so that it closely resembles what the artist is trying to convey. Form • Form may be created by the forming of two or more shapes or as three- dimensional shape (cube, pyramid, sphere, cylinder, etc.). • It may be enhanced by tone, texture and color. • Form is considered three-dimensional showing height, width and depth. – Examples of these are sculpture, theatre play and figurines. Space
• Space is the area provided for a particular purpose.
• Space includes the background, foreground and middle ground. • Space refers to the distances or areas around, between or within components of a piece. – There are two types of space: positive and negative space. • Positive space refers to the space of a shape representing the subject matter. • Negative space refers to the space around and between the subject matter. • Space is also defined as the distance between identifiable points or planes in a work of art. Shape • Shape pertains to the use of areas in two dimensional space that can be defined by edges, setting one flat specific space apart from another. • Shapes can be geometric (e.g.: square, circle, triangle, hexagon, etc.) or organic (such as the shape of a puddle, blob, leaf, boomerang, etc.) in nature. • Shapes are defined by other elements of art: Space, Line, Texture, Value, Color, Form. Color
• Color pertains to the use of hue in artwork and design.
• Defined as primary colors (red, yellow, blue) which cannot be mixed in pigment from other hues, secondary colors (green, orange, purple) which are directly mixed from combinations of primary colors. • Further combinations of primary and secondary colors create tertiary (and more) hues. • Tint and Shade are references to adding variations in Value; other tertiary colors are derived by mixing either a primary or secondary color with a neutral color. e.g. Red + White = Pink. Tone (Value)
• Value, or tone, refers to the use of light
and dark, shade and highlight, in an artwork. • Black-and-white photography depends entirely on value to define its subjects. Value is directly related to contrast. Line
• Line is most easily defined as a mark that
spans a distance between two points (or the path of a moving point), taking any form along the way. • As an art element, line pertains to the use of various marks, outlines and implied lines in artwork and design, most often used to define shape in two-dimensional work. • Implied line is the path that the viewer's eye takes as it follows shapes, colors, and form along a path, but may not be continuous or physically connected, such as the line created by a dancer's arms, torso, and legs when performing an arabesque. • Shape pertains to the use of areas in two dimensional space that can be defined by edges, setting one flat specific space apart from another. • Shapes can be geometric (e.g.: square, circle, triangle, hexagon, etc.) or organic (such as the shape of a puddle, blob, leaf, boomerang, etc.) in nature. Shapes are defined by other elements of art:
Applied Design for Printers
A Handbook of the Principles of Arrangement, with Brief Comment on the Periods of Design Which Have Most Strongly Influenced Printing
Typographic Technical Series for Apprentices #43