SCIENCE,

TECHNOLOGY,
AND SOCIETY
 SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
 What is Antecedents?

 It is defined as precursor to the unfolding or

existence of something.Historical antecedents in
science and technology arefactors that paved theway
for the presence of advanced and sophisticated
scientific andtechnological innovations today.
 Knowledge of the history of science
andtechnology is useful in appraising these
innovations today.
 Science
 Latin word “scientia”, meaning ‘knowledge.’
 Refers to a systematic and methodical
activity of building and
organizingknowledge about how the
universe behaves through
observation,experimentation or both.
 Technology
 Greek rootword “techne”, meaning ‘art,skill, or
cunning of hand
 Technology, for its part, is the application of
scientific knowledge, laws, andprinciples to
produce services, materials, tools, and machines
aimed at solvingreal-world problems.
 SUMERIAN
CIVILAZATION
 Sumeria is located on the southernmost tip of ancient
Mesopotamia between theTigris and Euphrates rivers
in the area later became Babylonia, Sumerians,
areknown for their high degree of cooperation with one
another and their desire forgreat things. They are not
contented with the basic things that life can offer.
Thisdesire pushed them to develop many things
connected with science andtechnology
 SUMERIAN
CIVILAZATION
 CUNIEFORM- It is a system that utilizes word
pictures andtriangular symbols which are carved
on clay using wedgeinstruments and then left
to dry. Cuneiform allowed theSumerians to keep
records of things with great historical value ortheir
everyday life. It is also one way of passing their
traditions,cultures, and their legacy
 SUMERIAN
CIVILAZATION
 SUMERIAN
CIVILAZATION
 URUK CITY- THE GREAT ZIGGURAT OF URUK
Another engineering and architectural feat of the
Sumerians is the Great Ziggurat of Ur. The
Ziggurat, also called the mountain of God, was
built in the same manner that they constructed the
City of Uruk. Without much building materials, the
structure was constructed using sun baked bricks
 SUMERIAN
CIVILAZATION
 SUMERIAN
CIVILAZATION
 Facts: The ziggurat at Babylon was
named Etemenanki. This meant
"Foundation of heaven and Earth" in
Sumerian. The tall height of the zigguratmay
have also been useful during the seasonal
flooding. There were generallyonly a few
ramps leading up to the top of the ziggurat
 SUMERIAN
CIVILAZATION
 IRRIGATION AND DIKES
SAIL BOATS
WHEEL
THE PLOW / ROADS
 BABYLONIAN
CIVILIZATION
 Babylonian civilization emerged near the
Tigris and Euphrates river. TheBabylonians
were great builders,engineers, and architects.
Babylonia as I havementioned emerge near the
river because water is one of their basic
necessities.Water brings food for them, brings
energy and beauty, and it also enable them
BABYLONIAN
CIVILIZATION
 EGYPITAN
CIVILIZATION
Egyptian civilization located in
North Africa. Many stories tell
about theengineering feats of the
Egyptian especially regarding
infrastructures establishedby the
Pharaohs
 EGYPITAN
CIVILIZATION
 PAPER OR PAPYRUS
INK
HEIROGLYPHICS
COSMETICS AND WIG
WATER CLOCK/CLEPSYDRA
 GREEK
CIVILIZATION
ALARM CLOCK
WATER MILL
 ROMAN
CIVILIZATION
 The Roman Empire was perceived to be the strongest
political and social entityin the west. Political
because of its huge population and territory and
socialbecause of religion. It was considered to be the
cradle of politics and governanceduring the period.
Because the Roman Empire was so large, other
civilizationslooked up to it as their model in terms of
legislation and codified law.
 ROMAN
CIVILIZATION
Newspaper
Bound Books or Codex
Roman Architecture
Roman numeral
 CHINESE
CIVILIZATION
 The Chinese civilization is considered the
oldest civilization in Asia, if not theworld.
Also known as the middle kingdom, China
is located on the far east ofAsia. It was very
famous among the other ancient civilization
because of its silktrade
 CHINESE
CIVILIZATION
Silk industry 
Tea production
Worlds Famous Great wall of
China
Gun powder
 CHINESE
CIVILIZATION
 China even until know controls the production of
almost everything. Most of thethings like
gadget, furniture, weapon, medicine, basic
necessities, any manyother are made in China.
That is why Chinese economy is getting bigger
and itscontrol over the international politics is
indeed very impressive
 MEDIEVAL
MIDDLE AGES
 The start of the middle ages was marred by
massive invasions and migrations.Wars were
prevalent during this time. As such, great
technology was needed inthe field of weaponry,
navigation, mass food and farm production, and
health.Most innovative minds came from this
period to control the increase of trade
 MEDIEVAL
MIDDLE AGES
 PRINTING PRESS - Johann Gutenberg was able to
invent theprinting press, a more reliable way of
printing using a casttype.This general invention
soon evolved to be the mechanicalprinting press which
was eventually used all over the world. Theprinting
press was invented to address the need for
publishingbooks that would spread information to
many people at a fasterrate.
 MEDIEVAL
MIDDLE AGES
 MICROSCOPE - To develop the proper
medicines for the illness,experts must
understand the sickness through
investigation thatis why the invented this
device to magnify the small things thatare
invisible to the naked eye.
 MEDIEVAL
MIDDLE AGES
 TELESCOPE - Since the Middle Ages was
also known as theage of exploration, the
need for nautical inventions was
high.Considering the vast and empty
oceans that separated lands,ship
captains needed to see far and wide for
them to navigate oravoid dangers at sea.
 MODERN TIMES
 PASTEURIZATION - Louise Pasture, a
French biologist,microbiologist, and chemist,
found a way to solve the problem.He invented
pasteurization, the process of heating dairy
productsto kill the harmful bacteria that
allow the m so spoil faster.Through this
process, milk could be stored and consumed for
 MODERN TIMES
 PETROLEUM REFINERY - Mamuel M. Kier was able to
inventkerosene by refining petroleum. Kerosene was
later on referredto as the “illuminating oil” because it
was used at first to providelighting to homes. After
some time, it was applied for heatingpurpose.
Nowadays, kerosene is still present as still
used bymany people for powering automobiles,
factories, and powerplants, among others
 MODERN TIMES
 TELEPHONE - Alexander Graham Bell invented the
telephoneand it was one of the most important
inventions at that time. Butbefore, the connection is
very limited, the commoners cannotafford to buy
one, and it is not that reliable in terms of stabilityand
consistency. Nowadays, telephones are one of
thenecessities in this fast-changing world. Millennials
can no longerlive without it according to time
 MODERN TIMES
 CALCULATOR - Although an earlier version of the
calculatorhad already been developed, circumstances
in the modern timesrequired a faster way to compute
mire complicated equations.The creation of modern-
day calculator did not only pave the wayfor easier
arithmetic calculations, but also resulted in
thedevelopment of more complex processing
machines likecomputer
 Nicolaus Copernicus

COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
-Sun is the center of theuniverse
(heliocentrism)
- De revolutionibus orbium coelestium or "On the Revolution of
Heavenly Spheres" in 1543
Ptolemy’s Geocentric Model states that the Earth is the center of the
universe. It was well supported and backed by the Roman Catholic
Church
 CHARLES DARWIN

In 1859, this bookwas published creating a

groundbreaking revolution in both scientific and
religious realms: the origin of species.It
fundamentally impacts modern science, religion,
and other aspects of society
The Descent of Man
 SIGMUND FREUD

• FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL
and PSYCHOANALYTICAL
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
SIGMUND FREUD
SIGMUND FREUD
 IN THE WORLD:
ANCIENT, MIDDLE AND MODERN AGES

ANCIENT TIME – ancient history covers the period 3000BC -AD 500.
MIDDLE AGES – began around 476 A.D may span roughly 1,000 years ending
between 1400 and 1450.
MODERN AGES – It is also referred to as Modernity, is the post Medieval area,
beginning 1500 to present, wide span of time marked in part by technological
innovations, urbanization, scientific discoveries and globalization.
 The Science begins to Emerge
( 600 BC to 500 A.D)

THE GREEKS - As far as historians can tell. The first true scientists were
the Ancient Greeks
• Thales studied the heavens and tried to develop a unifying terms
that explain the movement of the heavenly bodies (the planets and the
stars) He predicted certain planetary event , he predicted the short term
disappearance of the sun
➢The prediction he made is actually what we called today is a solar
eclipse, an event in which the moon moves between the earth and the
sun, mostly blocking the sun from view.
 The Science begins to Emerge
( 600 BC to 500 A.D)

•Anaximander was interested in the study of life. He was the first

scientist who concluded that all life began in the sea and some sort
of a fish. His idea was later resurrected by other scientists , most
notably Charles Darwin and is today called evolution,

•Anaximenes however, believed that all things were constructed

of air since what he knew that air was the most basic substance in
nature.
 The Science begins to Emerge
( 600 BC to 500 A.D)

•Aristotle- He was the first to make a large scale attempt with the
classification of animal and plants. Although Aristotle is noted to
contribute large studies n science not all the ideas were without
flaw . One was his idea on spontaneous generation, he believed
that living things spontaneously formed from nonliving things.
•Archimedes- He was one of the scientists who demonstrated how
closely science and mathematics. He was best known for his
works on fluid. He was the first to show how fluid may float or not
in liquid,
 THE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE STALLS
FOR A WHILE
( 500AD to 1000 (A.D )

• The Roman Empire had a great deal of influence

throughout the world. Rome disliked science much, did not mind
inventions especially those that made work productive, but a little
use for the explaining the world around us. As a result the real
science was actively discouraged at most part of the world.
- Alchemy is one of the best examples in which science been
recognized in this era. The Alchemists were the most wanted to
find a means by which lead could be transformed into gold.
 THE RENAISSANCE
The GOLDEN AGE OF SCIENCE
(1500 AD to 1600 A.D)

•NICOLAUS COPERNICUS
➢Copernicus believed Ptolemy’s view of the universe was wrong
➢Copernicus placed the sun at the center of everything and
assumed that the planets (including the Earth) traveled around the
sun. This
views was called the heliocentric system or Copernican System in
honor of Copernicus. The Heliocentric model is posted below.
 THE RENAISSANCE
The GOLDEN AGE OF SCIENCE
(1500 AD to 1600 A.D)

•ANDREAS VESALIUS
➢He published a Book on 1543, the book contains the detailed
part of the Human Body, The organs were clearly illustrated
especially the muscles and bones. This book led to knowing how
the medicine s taught.
- ERA OF NEWTON ( 1660 A.D to 1735 A.)
- BLAISE PASCAL
- ROBERT BOYLE
 THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
( 1735 A.D-1820 A.D)

•The age of Enlightenment Period , was a intellectual movement

developed mainly in France, Britain and Germany which advocated
freedom, democracy and reason as the primary values of society.
•Utmost importance of increasing efficiency of transportation,
communication, and production
•Increased scientific knowledge , led to the invention of many devices
that turned hours of manual labor into just a few minutes of work, The
changed led to making of so many inventions and this mark the period
in history .
 OTHER SIGNIFICANT DISCOVERIES
1907 : Radiometric dating discoveries that the earth is 2.2 billion years

1915 : Einstein announced the general theory of relativity

1915 ; Pellagra was discovered to be a dietary disease

1924 :Hubble identified new galaxy

1927 : Big Bang theory

:Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin
1928-1948

1932 : Chadwick discovered neutron

1938 : Electroshock therapy was introduced

1947 : Transistor was invented

 OTHER SIGNIFICANT DISCOVERIES

1972-1985 : CT Scan and MRI were introduced

1979 : cellular phones, radio, telephone system were introduced

1982 : human growth hormone was genetically engineered

1885 : Microsoft windows were introduced

1988 : Digital cellular phones were introduced

1992 ; Smart pill

1993 : Pentium processor

1995 : Java computer language

1998 : Viagra was invented

 Roots of early Philippine
Scientific development
 50,000 ya- first inhabitants arrive by land bridge in Palawan and
Batangas
 Next 40,00 years- simple tools and weapons of stone flakes and
eventually using sawing, drilling and polishing hard stones, and metal
smelting until killed by cheap Chinese imports
 1521-SPANISH ERA

The Spanish find the Filipinos

Engage in science using primitive or first wave
technology
Knowable of curative values of plants including
medicine extraction from herbs
Had an alphabet, a system of writing, a method
of counting, and weights and measure
Had no calendar , counted years by the moon
and from harvest to another
 1521-SPANISH ERA
Spanish
administration
Development of school
1595- Colegio de San Idelfonso (Cebu), Colegio
de San Ignacio (Manila)
1597- Colegio de Nuestra Senora del Rosario
(Manila)
1601-Colegio de San Jose (Manila)
Development of Hospital
1578- San Juan Lazaro Hospital (oldest in Asia)
 1521-SPANISH ERA
Development of schools, hospitals,
orphanage by religious orders
Provided teaching force and opened institution
of learning
Took lead in technological innovation and
scientific research out of need to provide
necessities while doing missionary works and to
finance their colleges, hospitals and orphanages
 1521-SPANISH ERA

 Manila Galeon Trade- caused neglect of agriculture and

mining, decline of native handicraft/industries
 Only shipbuilding was entirely by Filipinos, excellent work
showed abstruse science and math capability
 Late 17th century – Galeon shipwreck/pirate attacks caused
declining trade that led toeconomic depression
 1780- the Real Sociodad Economica de los Amigos del Pais de
Filipinas, for agriculture research specially indigo, cotton,
cinnamon and silk
 1789- Asian shipping allowed increase exports of rice, hemp,
tobacco, sugar and imports of manufacturing goods
 1521-SPANISH ERA

1863- a royal decree to reform the educational

system
1871- UST schools of medicine and pharmacy
62 degrees of Licenciada en Medicina in 15
years, doctorate in medicina required 1 year in
Spain
No schools for engineering
4 year nautical school for pilots and merchant
marine
 American administration

 Rapid advance in S and T due to

Gov’t encouragement and support for extensive
public education system; system of secularized
school education
The granting of scholarship for higher ed in science
and engineering
The organization of science research agencies
Establishment of science-based public services
Introduce science subjects and industrial and
vocational
 American administration

• 18 June 1908- UP was created

• 1909_ College of Agriculture UPLB
• 1910- College of Liberal arts, engineering and Veterinary
Medicine
• 1911- College of Law
• 1400 graduates
• 1915- 2398 students
• School of Pharmacy and Grad. School of tropical medicine,
raduate school of Tropical Mdicine and Public Health open
• 1916-school of Forestry and conservatory Music
• 1918- college of education
 ACTIVITY: INDIVIDUAL

• In a long bond paper, make a timeline

highlighting the significant contributions of
the Spaniards and Americans to the
development of science and technology in
the Philippines
Criteria:
Creativity & Craftsmanship – 20