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ITALIAN

RENAISSANCE

“RE-BIRTH”
Early 15th Century
 Secularization of thought
 “Quality of Life” Issues
 Printing Press is invented
 Rise of European universities, started
by the Church
 Interest in Classical Arts (architecture,
literature, fine art, drama)
 Interest in Math and Sciences
Renaissance Theatre
 Developed through inquiry into classical
literary and dramatic principles, by way
of the philosophers Horace and
Aristotle.
 Evolved the “well-made play”, based
on “neo-classical” precepts.
“PERSPECTIVE”
 Mathematical
concept
 Based on
observation that
objects seem to get
smaller as they
move farther away
PERSPECTIVE
 Useful in creating a
realistic sense of
depth
PERSPECTIVE
 Used in drawings,
paintings,
theatrical scenery
 “trompe l’oeil”
 Must be viewed
“straight on” for
effect
TEATRO OLIMPICO
Teatro Olimpico
 Built 1580-1584
 Indoor Theatre
 Old Roman format
 One of first theatres
to use perspective
 “Forced” perspective
 Side View
across
scenae frons
 View down
“street”
 Another view
down “street”
 Actors can’t
stand in these
“avenues”
Teatro Olimpico Floorplan
 A view through
central arch
into audience
Teatro Olimpico Cross-section
TEATRO FARNESE
 Built in 1618
 Part of a
palace
 First
Proscenium
Arch Theatre
PROSCENIUM ARCH creates a
“picture frame” through which to
view the performance
 Allows for
off-stage
space
 Allows for
multiple
scenes
 Forces
audience to
a forward
position
Backstage in a modern
Proscenium-style theatre
“Chariot and Pole”—early
system of changing scenery
 Looking down from
decorative
balustrade
Development of Opera
OPERA developed as a reaction to
Aristotle’s claim that Drama
requires “melody” and “spectacle”
OPERA is entirely “sung-through”
OPERA often uses grand-scale
visuals
OPERA often deals with “larger
than life” characters
COMMEDIA
DEL’ARTE
 “Artistic Comedy”
 Roots in Roman and
Greek comedies
 Stock Characters,
“Zannies”
 Improvisation, “Lazzi”
 Traditional Costumes
and Masks
HARLEQUIN
 Mischievious
Servant
 “Motley”-patches
 Black half-mask
 “Slapstick”
PANTALONE
 Old Lecherous Man
 A Penny-pincher
 Traditional costume
of red, with yellow
shoes
 Brown half-mask
with white hair
PULCINELLA
 Another servant,
often sweet-
tempered
 White costume
 Black half-mask
 “Pierrot”
DOTTORE
 Pompous
 Usually stupid
 Costume of black,
white collar
 Black or red ¼ mask

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