Ge Us Part 2

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF
Course Material 2
THE SELF IN VARIOUS THEORIES

At the end of this module, you will...
 Explain the Interplay of different Theories.
 Examine the Interplay of different Theories in

particular scenario.
 Reflects on how the different theories relate

to one’s identity formation.
SELF ASSESSMENT
 How much of you are essential?
 How much of who you are now a product of your society,

community and family?
 Has your choice of school affected yourself now?
 Had you been born into a different family and schooled in a

different college how much of who you are now would
change?
THE SELF
The self is always unique and has its own identity.

-Separate
Its distinctness allows it to be self-contained with its own

thoughts, characteristics, and volition.
-Self-contained
Its consistency allows it to be studied, described, and measured.

-Consistent
it is the center of all experiences and thoughts that run through

a certain person.
- Unitary
Each person sorts out information, feelings and emotions, and

thought processes within the self. This whole process is never
accessible to anyone but the self.
- Private
 Social Constructivists argue that
the self should not be seen as a
static entity that stays constant
through and through. Rather, the self
has to be seen as something that is
in unceasing flux, in a constant
struggle with external reality and is
malleable in its dealings with society.
The Self and

Culture
According to Mauss, every self has two
faces: personne and moi.
 Moi refers to a person’s sense of who he

is, his body, and his basic identity, his
biological givenness.
 Personne has much to do with it means

to live in a particular institution, a
particular family, a particular religion, a
particular nationality and how to behave
given expectations and influences from
others.
Mead and
 Language is
Vygotsky
another interesting aspect of this
social constructivism. The Filipino language is
incredibly interesting to talk about. The way by
which we articulate our love is denoted by the
phrases, “Mahal kita.” This, of course, is the
Filipino translation of “I love you.” The Filipino
brand of this articulation of love, unlike in
English, does not specify the subject and the
object of love: there is no specification of who
loves and who is loved.
 Both Vygotsky and Mead treat the human mind

as something that is made, constituted through
language as experienced in the external world
and as encountered in dialogs with other
The Self as Cognitive Construct
 Carl Rogers captured this idea in his concept of self-schema or
our organized system or collection of knowledge about who we
are (Gleitman, Gross, and Reisberg 2011; Jhangiani and Tarry
2014). Imagine an organized list or a diagram similar to the one
below
Sigmund Freud: The Psychoanalytic Theory

of Self
Freud’s asserts that the human psyche (personality)
is structured into three parts (tripartite). These
structures- the id, ego, and superego- all develop at
different stages in a person’s life.
Sigmund Freud: Psychosexual Development
 Freud also argues that the development of an individual
can be divided into distinct stages characterized by
sexual drives. As a person grows, certain areas become
sources of pleasure, frustration or both.
Erik Erikson: The Psychosocial Stages of
Self-development
 Trust vs. mistrust is the first
stage in Erik Erikson's theory of
psychosocial development. This
stage begins at birth continues
to approximately 18 months of
age. During this stage, the
infant is uncertain about the
world in which they live, and
looks towards their primary
caregiver for stability and
consistency of care.
 Autonomy versus shame and
doubt is the second stage of Erik
Erikson's stages of psychosocial
development. This stage occurs
between the ages of 18 months
to approximately 3 years.
According to Erikson, children at
this stage are focused on
developing a sense of personal
control over physical skills and a
sense of independence
 Initiative versus guilt is the
third stage of Erik Erikson's
theory of psychosocial
development. This stage
occurs between the ages of 3
years to approximately 5 years.
During the initiative versus
guilt stage, children assert
themselves more frequently
through directing play and
other social interaction.
 Erikson’sfourth
psychosocial crisis,
involving industry
(competence) vs.
Inferiority occurs
during childhood
between the ages of
five and twelve.
 The fifth stage of Erik Erikson's
development is identity vs.
role confusion, and it occurs
during adolescence, from about
12-18 years. During this stage,
adolescents search for a sense
of self and personal identity,
through an intense exploration
of personal values, beliefs, and
goals.
 Intimacy versus isolation is
the sixth stage of Erik Erikson's
development. This stage takes
place during young adulthood
between the ages of
approximately 18 to 40 yrs.
During this stage, the major
conflict centers on forming
intimate, loving relationships
with other people.
 Generativity versus
stagnation is the
seventh of eight stages of
Erik Erikson's theory of
psychosocial
development. This stage
takes place during during
middle adulthood (ages
40 to 65 yrs).
 Ego integrity versus despair is
the eighth and final stage of Erik
Erikson’s stage theory of
psychosocial development. This
stage begins at approximately age
65 and ends at death. It is during
this time that we contemplate our
accomplishments and can develop
integrity if we see ourselves as
leading a successful life.

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UNDERSTANDING THE SELF

THE SELF IN VARIOUS THEORIES

 Explain the Interplay of different Theories.

 Examine the Interplay of different Theories in

 Reflects on how the different theories relate

 How much of who you are now a product of your society,

 Has your choice of school affected yourself now?

 Had you been born into a different family and schooled in a

The self is always unique and has its own identity.

Its distinctness allows it to be self-contained with its own

Its consistency allows it to be studied, described, and measured.

it is the center of all experiences and thoughts that run through

Each person sorts out information, feelings and emotions, and

 Moi refers to a person’s sense of who he

 Personne has much to do with it means

 Both Vygotsky and Mead treat the human mind

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