Power Point On Aes-1

KADUNA POLYTECHNIC
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
KADUNA
GENERAL AND LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY (GLT 302)
ASSIGNMENT
QUESTION
• ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
• WORKING PRINCIPLE
• INSTRUMENTATION
• ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGES
SUBMITTED TO: ENGR KABIR
OCTOBER, 2024
GROUP 2 (HNDIA REGULAR)
S/N NAMES REG. NO
1 MAHMUD QUADIR OLABODE COE23HND0308
2 PAUL IMOHEDE COE23HND0092
3 ZERUBBABEL HABILA COE23HND0025
4 AISHATU ABUBAKAR ELLAMS COE23HND0052
5 AKILA CHRISTIANA COE23HND0075
6 SALISU RUKAYYAH BELLO COE23HND0088
7 IBRAHIM MARYAM COE23HND0016
8 LAWAL ABDULRAHMAN COE23HND0408
9 ABDULMUMIN HARUNA COE23HND0418
10 STEPHEN .A. MONDAY COE23HND0567
11 MABROOKAT M. IZE COE23HND0211

12 AHMAD HADI ASHARA COE23HND0073
13 OLUWATOYIN MORADEYO DEBORAH COE23HND0287
14 SAIFULLAHI SHUAIBU COE23HND0342

ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an
analytical technique used to quantify metal atoms
by measuring the intensity of light produced by
the atoms in excited states. When an excited atom
returns to its ground state, it emits a specific
wavelength of radiation. Excitation (absorption of
radiation) and de-excitation (emission of
radiation) of electrons are both involved in atomic
emission spectroscopy. Atomic emission
spectroscopy analyzes the radiation released by
atoms to identify their structure, composition, and
surroundings.
What is spectroscopy?
Spectroscopy is the study of the interactions
between electromagnetic radiation and
matter. These electromagnetic spectra are
formed through these interactions and can
be measured using spectrometers.
What is Emission?
The production and discharge of something, especially
gas or radiation. Emission is the process by which a
higher energy quantum mechanical state of a particle
becomes converted to a lower one through the emission
of a photon, resulting in the production of light. The
frequencies of light that an atom can emit are dependent
on states the electrons can be in.
What is emission Spectrum?

The emission spectrum of a chemical element or
chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of
electromagnetic radiation emitted due to an atom or
molecule making a transition from a high energy state to
a lower energy state.
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF ATOMIC EMISSION
SPECTROSCOPY
AES is based on the idea that when energy is delivered
to a molecule in the form of light or heat, molecules are
excited and shift from a lower energy level state to a
higher energy level state. The molecules are unstable at
higher energy levels and revert to lower energy levels
after producing radiations in the form of photons. The
emission spectrometer measures the wavelengths of
emitted photons. The basic principle of atomic emission
spectroscopy is the study of the wavelengths of photons
released by atoms and molecules as they move from a
high energy state to a low energy state.
INSTRUMENTATION OF ATOMIC EMISSION
SPECTROSCOPY
Nebulizer: Before analyzing a sample, it should be
transformed into highly excited free atoms. The most
convenient way to introduce liquids into the gas stream is via
aerosol from a nebulizer.
Direct-Current Plasma: This excitation method uses two
electrodes to generate an electrical discharge that heats the
plasma gas, which is commonly argon.
Inductively coupled plasma: This is the most often used
excitation method, and it necessitates the use of a plasma
torch made from concentric quartz tubes to create excitement
in the material.
Flame: In this procedure, a sprayed solution or gas containing
a sample of the substance to be examined is exposed to flame.
Microwave Induced Plasma (MIP): Frequencies in the
microwave region are employed as an external energy
source in a microwave induced plasma (MIP) source.
Laser-Induced Plasma (LIP): The heated plasma is
maintained in this process by a support gas, commonly
argon, which is focussed by a high-energy CO2 laser
source.
Arc or Spark: Spark and arc excitation sources use a
spark, an electric pulse, or a continuous electrical
discharge arc between two electrodes to vaporize and
excite the sample’s atoms.
Monochromator: Monochromators are prisms and
diffraction gratings. These are used to select the specific
kind of radiation generated by the analyte and to remove
any other undesirable radiation.
Detectors: Detectors are transducers that convert the
spectrometer’s analog output into an electric signal that
can be seen and processed on a computer.
Amplifier: The amplifiers receive signals from the
detectors and amplify them multiple times such that they
are usable or comparable.
Readout device: Atomic emission spectroscopy employs
computers as readout devices. Using the atomic emission
ranges library, computers analyze the data in the form of
spectra and plot the calibration curve.
APPLICATIONS OF ATOMIC EMISSION
SPECTROSCOPY
•The ICP-AES technology can be used in agriculture to
analyze agricultural and food goods.
•It can be used in earth science to analyze rare earth
elements found in rocks.
•The ICP-AES technique can examine trace metals from
alloys, steel, lubricating fluids, and gasoline.
•Similarly, in biology, the ICP-AES technology can
evaluate aluminum from blood, copper from brain tissue,
selenium from the liver, and salt from breast milk.
•Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy
can detect metal traces such as calcium (Ca), copper (Cu),
iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus
(P), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn) in beer or wine.
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
OF AES
•Qualitative analysis is done using AES in the same
manner in which it is done using FES. The spectrum of
the analyte is obtained and compared with the atomic
and ionic spectra of possible elements in the analyte.
Generally an element is considered to be in the analyte
if at least three intense lines can be matched with those
from the spectrum of a known element.
•Quantitative analysis with a plasma can be done using

either an atomic or an ionic line. Ionic lines are chosen
for most analyses because they are usually more intense
at the temperatures of plasmas than are the atomic lines
ADVANTAGES OF ATOMIC EMISSION
SPECTROSCOPY
•It is a sensitive method capable of detecting
concentrations as low as 1 ppm.
•The analysis requires a small sample
•If proper comparison standards are provided,
working time is reduced.
•There is no need to prepare the sample.
•Solid and liquid samples are easily examined.
DISADVANTAGES OF ATOMIC EMISSION
SPECTROSCOPY
•It only applies to metals and metalloids.
Nonmetals cannot be examined.
•The instrument is quite expensive.
•It is a destructive procedure that results in the
destruction of the sample.
•Concentrated solutions are undetectable.
REFERENCES
Thirumdas, R., Janve, M., Siliveru, K., & Kothakota, A. (2019).
Determination of food quality using atomic emission
spectroscopy. In Evaluation Technologies for Food
Quality (pp. 175-192). Woodhead Publishing.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B97804445
17340500053
.
https://forensicyard.com/atomic-emission-spectroscopy-aes/
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/A
nalytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/10%3A_Spectroscopic_Meth
ods/10.07%3A_Atomic_Emission_Spectroscopy
.
https://www.chemistrylearner.com/atomic-emission-spectroscopy
.html
.
https://soe.unipune.ac.in/studymaterial/ashwiniWadegaonkarOnli
THANK YOU
FOR
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KADUNA POLYTECHNIC

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

GENERAL AND LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY (GLT 302)

SUBMITTED TO: ENGR KABIR

2 PAUL IMOHEDE COE23HND0092

3 ZERUBBABEL HABILA COE23HND0025

4 AISHATU ABUBAKAR ELLAMS COE23HND0052

5 AKILA CHRISTIANA COE23HND0075

6 SALISU RUKAYYAH BELLO COE23HND0088

7 IBRAHIM MARYAM COE23HND0016

8 LAWAL ABDULRAHMAN COE23HND0408

9 ABDULMUMIN HARUNA COE23HND0418

10 STEPHEN .A. MONDAY COE23HND0567

11 MABROOKAT M. IZE COE23HND0211

13 OLUWATOYIN MORADEYO DEBORAH COE23HND0287

14 SAIFULLAHI SHUAIBU COE23HND0342

What is emission Spectrum?

•Quantitative analysis with a plasma can be done using

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