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    RABIES

    Uploaded by

    Vincent Orji

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    RABIES

    Uploaded by

    Vincent Orji
    3 views15 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    3 views15 pages

    RABIES

    Uploaded by

    Vincent Orji

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    RABIES

    DR MADUBUKO ROLI
    ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE
    FWACP, FMCP
    INTRODUCTION

    It is a viral, zoonotic, neglected tropical


    disease

    that causes tens of thousands of deaths

    annually, with 40% being children under 15.


    Dog bites and scratches cause 99% of the
    human rabies cases, and can be prevented
    through dog vaccination and prevention of
    bites.
    Once the virus infects the central nervous
    system and clinical symptoms appear, rabies
    is
    fatal in 100% of cases
    Transmission
     Rabies infects mammals, including dogs,
    cats, livestock and wildlife.
     Rabies spreads to people and animals via

    saliva, usually through bites, scratches, or


    direct contact with mucosa (e.g. eyes,
    mouth, or open wounds). Once clinical
    symptoms appear, rabies is virtually 100%
    fatal.
    Is it only dogs that transmit
    rabies?
     foxes, raccoons, skunks, and other wild
    mammals are very rare, and bites from
    rodents are not known to transmit rabies.
     Blood feeding bats
    Incubation period/clinical
    course
     The incubation period for rabies is typically
    2–3 months but may vary from one week to
    one year, depending on factors such as the
    location of virus entry and the viral load.
    Clinical manifestation
     Initial symptoms of rabies include generic
    signs like fever, pain and unusual or
    unexplained tingling, pricking, or burning
    sensations at the wound site
     As the virus moves to the central nervous
    system, progressive and fatal inflammation
    of the brain and spinal cord develops.
    Clinical rabies in people can be managed
    but very rarely cured, and not without
    severe neurological deficits.
    CLINICAL TYPES OF
    RABIES
    Furious rabies
     Hyperactivity, excitable behaviour,

    hallucinations, lack of coordination,

    hydrophobia (fear of water) and aerophobia

    (fear of drafts or of fresh air). Death occurs

    after a few days due to cardio-respiratory


    arrest
    PARALYTIC RABIES
     accounts for about 20% of the total number

    of human cases. This form of rabies runs a

    less dramatic and usually longer course than

    the furious form. Muscles gradually become

    paralysed, starting from the wound site. A

    coma slowly develops and eventually death occurs


    DIAGNOSIS
     Currently there are no WHO-approved
    diagnostic tools for detecting rabies infection
    before the onset of clinical disease.

     Clinical diagnosis of rabies is difficult without a


    reliable history of contact with a rabid animal
    or specific symptoms of hydrophobia or
    aerophobia.
    MANAGEMENT
     AWARENESS

     WASH SITE PROFUSELY AFTER BITE AT


    LEAST 15MINUTES

     VACCINATION- RABIES VACCINE 4 SHOTS


    OVER 2 WEEKS (0,3,7,14)-10MLS IM IN
    deltoid area
    Categories of exposure
     For category I exposure (touching or
    feeding animals, licks on intact skin), no
    prophylaxis is required;
     For category II (nibbling of uncovered

    skin, minor scratches or abrasions without


    bleeding), immediate vaccination
     For category III (single or multiple
    transdermal bites or scratches,
    contamination of mucous membrane with
    saliva from licks, licks on broken skin,
    exposures to bats), immediate vaccination
    and administration of rabies
    immunoglobulin are recommended.

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