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    Understanding Sources 2

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    Jianne Bangquiao Ando
    Primary and Secondary sources

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    Understanding Sources 2

    Uploaded by

    Jianne Bangquiao Ando
    2 views52 pages
    Primary and Secondary sources

    Original Title

    Understanding-Sources-2

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    Primary and Secondary sources

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2 views52 pages

    Understanding Sources 2

    Uploaded by

    Jianne Bangquiao Ando
    Primary and Secondary sources

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 52

    Understanding

    Sources
    BY: NORIEL D. EBRONA, LPT,
    M.ED.
    Historical Sources
    1. Primary Sources
    • Produced at the same time as the event being studied
    (Contemporary Accounts)
    • Include documents or artifacts created by a witness or
    participant of the event
    • “Firsthand testimony”, “Eyewitness accounts”
    • It may include diaries, letters, interviews, photographs,
    newspapers
    6 Points of inquiries to evaluate
    Primary sources (Garragham, 1950):
    1. Date- When was it produced?
    2. Localization- Where did it originate?
    3. Authorship- Who wrote it?
    4. Analysis- What pre-existing material served as the
    basis for its production?
    5. Integrity - What was its original form?
    6. Credibility - What is the evidential value of its content?
    2. Secondary Sources
    • Produced by authors who used and interpreted primary
    sources
    • Analyzed a scholarly question and often use primary
    source as evidence.
    • Include books, thesis, dissertations, journals, magazines,
    knowledge of historians
    • Written few years after the exact time of the event
    Primary and Secondary sources should be
    evaluated its validity and credibility by asking
    these questions:
    1. How did the author knows about the given
    details? Was the author present at the event?
    2. Where did the information come from? Is it a
    personal experience, an eyewitness account etc.?
    3. Did the author conclude based on a single or
    multiple source?
    In terms of historical reliability,

    Primary Source:
    • The closer the date of creation, the more
    reliable one.

    Secondary source:
    • The more recent, the more reliable one.
    HISTORICAL CRITICISM
    1. EXTERNAL CRITICISM
    •Verification of authenticity by
    examining physical characteristics;
    consistency with the historical
    characteristics of the time when it
    was produced, and materials used.
    • We can ask the following questions:
    - when it was written?
    - where it was written?
    - who was the author?
    - why did it survive?
    - what were the materials used?
    - what words were being used those times?
    2. INTERNAL CRITICISM
    • Looks at the truthfulness and factuality of
    the evidence by looking at the author of
    the source, its context, the agenda behind
    its creation
    • It looks at the content of the source and
    examines the circumstance of its
    production
    • We can ask the following questions:
    - was it written by eyewitness or not?
    - why was it written?
    - is there consistency?
    - what are the connotations?
    - what is the literal meaning?
    - what is the meaning of the context?
    7 factors in evaluating through Internal Criticism
    (Howell and Prevenier, 2001):
    1. Genealogy of the document
    2. Genesis of the document
    3. Originality of the document
    4. Interpretation of the document
    5. Authorial authority of the document
    6. Competence of the observer
    7. Trustworthiness of the observer
    Quiz: Identify
    whether Primary
    or Secondary
    Source
    1. “Batas Militar: Martial Law Under President
    Ferdinand E. Marcos Full Documentary”
    2. “La Revolucion Filipina” of Apolinario Mabini
    3. National Historical Commission of the Philippines
    YouTube Channel
    4. Historical Data Papers from National Library of
    the Philippines
    5. “War Memoirs of Jose P. Laurel” by Jose P. Laurel
    6. “Brains of the Nation” by Resil B. Mojares
    7. “A Question of Heroes” by Nick Joaquin
    8. “Anting-anting ni Manuel Quezon” at National
    Museum of the Philippines-Museum of
    Anthropology
    9. “Veneration Without Understanding” by Renato
    Constantino
    10. Homo luzonensis ecofacts (fossils) unearthed
    by UP Archaeological Studies Program
    “ Walang SAYSAY,
    kung walang
    KASAYSAYAN.”
    - Ser Yel

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