Environmental Safety

WORK ENVIRONMENT
SAFETY
Engr. Rolando T. Abogaa

Asst. Professor/Cobsat
Objectives
At the end of the course, the participants will
be able to:
 Know and understand the physical and chemical

hazards in the workplace; and
 Know the process of evaluating the physical and
chemical hazards in the workplace, through work
environment measurement, including the
instruments used and the standards to be
observed.
Vapours
Gase Fumes
Wor Dispersion
s
k Dust Environment
Generation
Diffusion Contaminatio
n
Chemical Noise
Substance
Raw Materials Heat Mist
Contamination of Work Environment

Entranc Injury
e
to Accumulation
Human Illness
Body Excretion
Death
Metabolic
Reaction
Types of Health Hazards
Chemicals Ergonomics
Biologica
Physical
l
Physical Hazards
Pressure Extremes
Radiation
Noise
Inadequate Illumination
Vibration
Temperature Extremes
Biological Hazards
 Bacteria
 Virus
 Fungi
 Enzymes
 Micro-organism
Ergonomics Hazards
 Improperly designed tools or
workareas
 Improper lifting or reaching
 Poor visual conditions
 Repeated motion in awkward
position
Chemical Hazards
 Solvents / Vapors
 Dust / Particulates
 Heavy Metals /
Fumes
 Gases / Smoke
 Acids / Mist
Hazards Recognition
Recognition of the different hazards can be
accomplished by…
 Walk-through survey/ocular
inspection
 Reviewing process involved
 Knowing the raw materials used,
products and by-products
 Gathering of worker’s complaints
 CSDS/MSDS
What is CSDS/MSDS?
A summary of the important

health, safety and toxicological
information on the chemical or
the mixture ingredients.
Contents of the CSDS/MSDS
1. Identification of the Chem’ls

9. Physical & Chemical Propert
2. Composition/Info on Ing. 10. Stability and Reactivity
3. Hazards Identification. 11. Toxicological Information
4. First-aid Measures. 12. Ecological Information
5. Fire-fighting Measures. 13. Disposal Considerations
6. Accidental Release Measures
14. Transport Information
7. Handling and Storage 15. Regulatory Information
8. Personal Protection 16. Other Information
Solvents / Vapors
Carpet layers Vapors from
bonding agents
Soft tile installers/
Hard tile setters Solvent vapors
Painters
Dust / Particulates
Dust from asbestos
Insulation workers
Carpenters & synthetic fibers
Drywall Wood dust
installers
Driller Silica dust
s
Heavy Metals / Fumes
Welde Welding emissions,
rs
Soldere lead and cadmium
rs fumes
Work Environment
Measurement
Refers to the determination of

environmental stresses and their
hazardous effects on worker’s
health through direct measurement
of hazardous using IH equipment.
Types of Environmental
Monitoring
 Area/Environmental Sampling
 Personal Sampling
 Biological Monitoring
Area/Environmental Sampling
Filter Holder
Elutriator
Actual Personal Air Sampling
Equipment Set-up
 Sampling Pump
Low Flow – 50- 350 mL/min -
High Flow - 1 - 5 L/min
Sampling Media
Filter Cassettes
Sorbent Tubes
Impingers
Sample Bags
Gases / Smoke
Hazardous Atmospheres
 Confined Spaces, and open locations
can both contain Hazardous
Atmospheres
 Examples of these hazards are
Combustible gases, Toxic gases and
Oxygen deficiency or enrichment
Confined Space Examples
 Storage Tanks  Pipelines
 Sewers  Trenches**
 Boilers  Pits**
 Boilers  Silos
 Manholes  Vats
 Ship Voids  Wells
 Tunnels
** United States- any pit or trench>=4 ft. classified
as a
Permit Required Confined Space
Confined Spaces
 Hazards  Fatality Factors
Atmospheric Failure to recognize
 O2 deficiency hazards
 O2 enrichment  incorrect emergency
 Combustibles response
 Toxics
 Physical • Prevention
 engulfment •Detection
•Monitoring
Methane
Carbon Monoxide
ATMOSPHERIC TESTING Hydrogen Sulfide
 Before an employee enters the

space, the internal atmosphere shall
be tested for the following conditions
in the order given.
- Sample What? - What Level
Oxygen content 19.5 - 23.5%
Combustible Gases < 10 % LEL
Toxic Gases Depends on
gas type
Atmospheric Testing
Methane TOP
Carbon Monoxide MIDDLE
Hydrogen Sulfide BOTTOM
Methane (lighter than air)

Carbon Monoxide(slightly lighter than air)
Hydrogen Sulfide (heavier than air)
COMBUSTIBLE
ATMOSPHERES
Fire Triangle
FUEL AIR
SOURCE OF IGNITION
Common Combustibles
Lower Upper
Explosive Limit Explosive Limit
(LEL) (UEL)
%Vol %Vol
Hydrogen 4.0 75.0
Methane (natural gas) 5.3 13.9
Pentane (gasoline) 1.5 7.8
Butane 1.6 8.4
Propane 2.1 9.5
Acetone 2.1 13.0
Ethanol 3.4 18.4
Isopropyl Alcohol 2.0 12.7
Octane 1.0 6.5
Example of Combustion
100 % LEL UE
L
Hydrogen
(H2)
0 4 75.0 100 % vol

Too
lean Explosive Too rich
to Mixture to burn
burn
Oxygen Deficiency
 Risk of asphyxiation caused by
Consumption
• People 19.5% Oxygen
• Oxidation
Displacement
• Humidity
• Decomposition
Inertion
Oxygen Enrichment
 Serious fire hazards
 Materials burn much more rapidly
 Caused by
– Leaking valve
– Leaking cylinder
Oxygen
23%
Toxic gases
 Pose a threat to human life – react in the

body in a poisonous fashion
 Often colorless and odorless
 Some of the toxic gases are
Carbon Monoxide Hydrogen Sulfide
Nitrogen Dioxide Nitric Oxide
Sulfur Dioxide Ammonia
THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES
 Refer to airborne concentration of

substances and conditions that
nearly all workers may be repeatedly
exposed daily without adverse health
effects.
Categories:
Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA)
Short Term Exposure Limit (TLV-
STEL)
Threshold Limit Value - Ceiling (TLV-
C)
WEM Equipment
 Lux Meter - Illumination
 Sound Level Meter - Noise
 Wet Bulb Globe Thermometer -
Heat
 Psychrometer - Humidity
 Anemometer - Air Movement
 Vibration Level Meter – Vibration
 Gas Monitor - Gases
Recommended Illumination Levels
 A minimum of 50 lux – passageway,
corridor, warehouse
 A minimum of 100 lux – engine and
boiler rooms; toilets and washrooms
 A minimum of 200 lux – canning and
preserving; planing of lumber and
veneering
 A minimum of 300 lux – medium
inspection; office deskwork with
intermittent reading and writing for filing
and mail sorting.
Permissible Heat Exposure
Threshold Limit Values
Work-Rest Workload Workload Workload
Regimen Light Moderate Heavy
o o o
Continuous 30.0 C 26.7 C 25.0 C
75% work - o o o
30.6 C 28.0 C 25.9 C
25% rest
50% work - o o o
31.4 C 29.4 C 27.9 C
50% rest
25% work - o o o
32.2 C 31.1 C 30.0 C
75% rest
Permissible Noise Exposure
Level
Duration/day Sound Level
Hours (hr) dB(A)
8 90
6 92
4 95
3 97
2 100
1½ 102
1 105
1/2 110
1/4 115
TLV of Airborne Contaminants
GASES VAPORS
CO 50ppm Acetone
1,000ppm
CO2
Benzene
5,000ppm 25ppm-C
Cl2 1ppm Toluene
100ppm
O2 19.5 %
Methanol
H2S 10 ppm 200ppm
TLV of Airborne Contaminants
Particulates Mists
Asbestos –2 HCl - 5 ppm

fibers/cc H3PO4 - 0.25 ppm
Dust (resp.)- 5 H2SO4 - 0.25 ppm
mg/m3
HNO3 - 2 ppm
Dust (total)- 10
mg/m3
General Environment
Control Measures
1. Engineering control
2. Administrative control
3. Use of Personal
Protective Equipment
ENGINEERING CONTROL
1. Substitution
2. Modification in
Process/Equipment
3. Maintenance of
equipment
4. Isolation
5. Wet method
6. Industrial
Ventilation
ISOLATION
Prior to entry into a
confined space, the space
should be isolated to
prevent any hazardous
materials from entering.
Example:
Locking,blanking,bleeding
and tagging valves and
pumps in all piping leading
to the space.
FORCED VENTILATION
A confined space should always

be ventilated w/ adequate fresh
air by means of air blowers with
trunking or extension hoses
before and after entry.
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
1. Reduction of work periods
2. Adjusting work
schedules
3. Employee information and
training
4. Job Rotation
5. Education of supervisors
6. Housekeeping and Maintenance

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT (PPE)
1. Dust / Gas Respirators 5. Aprons

2. Safety Goggles/Spectacles 6. Safety
Shoes
3. Face Shields 7. Helmets
4. Earplugs /Earmuffs 8. Gloves
TYPES OF RESPIRATORS
1. Air Purifying Respirators

2. Air - supplying Respirators
AIR PURIFYING RESPIRATORS
Mechanical filter respirators

Chemical cartridge respirators
Combination of
mechanical/chemical
Powered air-purifying respirators
AIR - SUPPLYING RESPIRATORS
a. Supplied air - respirators
b. Self contained breathing
apparatus (SCBA)
c. Combination - SCBA and
supplied - air respirators
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION
OF RESPIRATORS
1. Identification of contaminants
2. Maximum possible concentration of
contaminants in the workarea
3. Acceptability in terms of comfort
4. Compatibility with the nature of job
5. Proper fit to the face of user to
present leakage
Maraming
Salamat Po!

Environmental Safety

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WORK ENVIRONMENT

Engr. Rolando T. Abogaa

 Know and understand the physical and chemical

Contamination of Work Environment

A summary of the important

1. Identification of the Chem’ls

Refers to the determination of

 Before an employee enters the

Methane (lighter than air)

0 4 75.0 100 % vol

 Pose a threat to human life – react in the

 Refer to airborne concentration of

Asbestos –2 HCl - 5 ppm

A confined space should always

6. Housekeeping and Maintenance

1. Dust / Gas Respirators 5. Aprons

1. Air Purifying Respirators

Mechanical filter respirators

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