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    WORD CLASSES and SENTENCE STRUCTURE SLIDE

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    It is classes that is built around words

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    WORD CLASSES and SENTENCE STRUCTURE SLIDE

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    buluoluwatoyin
    5 views9 pages
    It is classes that is built around words

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    WORD CLASSES and SENTENCE STRUCTURE SLIDE

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    It is classes that is built around words

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5 views9 pages

    WORD CLASSES and SENTENCE STRUCTURE SLIDE

    Uploaded by

    buluoluwatoyin
    It is classes that is built around words

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    WORD CLASSES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE

    Any given sentence is built around words. These


    words don’t just mean something, they do
    something in every sentence. Hence words are
    grouped into classes based on what they do. A
    word class is therefore group of words that have
    certain common features.
    TYPES OF WORD CLASSES

    OPEN CLASS CLOSED CLASS


    OPEN WORD CLASS
    • These are class of words that can be expanded
    with the addition of new words. Take the
    example of the class of nouns, it is potentially
    infinite as the number of words in the class is
    increasing as new scientific and technological
    discoveries are made. Over the years,
    developments in technology have given rise to
    many new nouns like internet, email,website
    ( these were words not obtainable in the 60s, 70s
    80s.
    • Examples of Open Word Classes
    1) Nouns- it is commonly understood as naming
    words for people places or things. They also
    denote abstract and intangible concepts
    2) Verbs- they describe action, however some
    verbs don’t stand for action at all e.g Dele
    seems desperate. We cannot say that the verb
    seems rrefer to an action.
    3) Adverbs- they are used to express how an
    action is fulffilled
    4) Adjectives- they describe the quality of a noun
    e.g they stay in a beautiful house.
    CLOSED WORD CLASSES
    • Closed words are named so because they consist of definite set
    of words. These classes never expand even though the words
    included in the class may change their spelling.
    • EXAMPLE OF CLOSED WORD CLASSES
    • Determiners- the, a or an. They suggest the type of reference
    that the noun has.
    • Conjunctions- these are used to express connections between
    different
    • Prepositions- they indicate the relation between different
    words e.g at, before, in, of, under, with
    • Pronouns- these are words that substitute noun in sentence.
    E.g I,this, yours, which, herself
    • Interjections- these are short exclamations e.g oh!, Hey,wow
    English Sentence
    Basic Facts about sentences in English
    • A new sentence begins with a capital letter – He
    obtained his degree.
    • A sentence ends with punctuation – He obtained
    his degree.
    • A sentence contains a verb or a verb phrase- He
    killed a goat.
    • A sentence follows subject+ verb+ object word
    order- he(subject) killed(verb) a goat(object)
    • A sentence must have a complete idea that stands
    alone. This is also called an independent clause
    SENTENCE CLASSIFICATION

    • The sentence could be classified in two ways:


    - By purpose
    - By structure
    Under purpose we have
    • The assertive or declarative sentence
    • The imperative sentence
    • The interrogative sentence
    • The exclamatory sentence
    • The optative sentence
    SENTENCE CLASSIFICATION CONT’D

    Under structure we have


    • The simple sentence
    • The compound sentence
    • The complex sentence
    • The compound-complex sentence
    Sentence Classification by Structure

    1 independent clause- I kicked the


    SIMPLE
    ball

    2 or more independent clauses- I


    COMPOUND kicked the ball and it hit Tom

    1 independent clause and 1 or more


    COMPLEX dependent clause- Tom cried because the ball
    hit him

    COMPOUND 2 or more independent clauses and 1 or more


    COMPLEX
    dependent clauses- Tom cried because the
    ball hit him and I apologized immediately
    SENTENCE CLASSIFICATION BY PURPOSE
    1)A DECLARATIVE/ASSERTIVE SENTENCE: makes simple assertion, makes
    statements or states an idea without expecting a reply .
    • He goes to school daily.
    • We read a book.
    2) An imperative sentence: expresses orders, commands, requests, advice,
    proposals or suggestions.
    • Do not have another god beside Me.(Command)
    • Leave this place at once. (Order)
    3) An interrogative sentence :asks a question and is always followed by a
    question mark.
    • Where do you live?
    • Have you attended the classes?
    4) An exclamatory sentence : expresses strong feelings of joy, sorrow, regret,
    surprise and wonder.
    • Hurrah! We have won the match.

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