FOSSILS

SOURCES OF ENERGY
Identifying Renewable Energy Sources

list as many renewable energy sources
as possible:
Renewable Energy Sources
• Biomass (burning of wood, biofuels such as
ethanol & biodiesel, or waste)
• Hydroelectric power (using flowing water to
produce energy)
• Solar energy
• Wind energy
• Tidal and wave energy
• Geothermal energy
BIOMASS
Hydroelectric power
GEOTHERMAL
Identifying Non -Renewable Energy
Sources
list as many non-renewable energy sources as
possible, without consulting reference materials
or other students.
Nonrenewable Energy Resources
• Nonrenewable means they are consumed by

humans faster than they can be replenished
through geological processes.
• Fossil fuels are produced by geological
processes acting on organic matter over long
periods of time (hundreds of millions of
years).
Fossil Fuels
• Coal
• Oil (or petroleum)
• Natural gas
What about nuclear energy?
Nuclear energy is not a fossil fuel and is not

considered renewable.
https://
education.nationalgeographic.org/
resource/nuclear-energy/
Nuclear fuels: such as the element uranium, are
not considered renewable as they are a finite
material mined from the ground and can only be
found in certain locations.
• Uranium is the fuel most widely used to
produce nuclear energy. That's
because uranium atoms split apart relatively
easily. Uranium is also a very common element,
found in rocks all over the world. However, the
specific type of uranium used to produce nuclear
energy, called U-235, is rare. U-235 makes up
less than one percent of the uranium in the
world.
Renewable Energy Sources Renewable Energy Sources
Fossil Fuels • Biomass (burning of wood, biofuels
such as ethanol & biodiesel, or
• Coal waste)
• Oil (or petroleum) • Hydroelectric power
• Natural gas • Solar energy
• Wind energy
• Tidal and wave energy
• Geothermal energy
1.COAL
What is Coal?
• Organic sedimentary rock
formed from plant remains
deposited in swamps and
marshes.
• The major use of coal is
generating electric power.
• Burning coal is one of the
largest sources of CO2, a
greenhouse gas related to
global warming.
Coal Formation
• Think about the carbon cycle. Trace the carbon from the
atmosphere into plants.
• Dead plants are buried under sediment, and converted into coal.
• When coal is burned, carbon returns to the atmosphere as
carbon dioxide.
Petroleum and Natural Gas Formation
atmosphere to the ocean and into marine organisms.
• Remains of organisms are buried under sediment and
converted into oil and natural gas.
• When these fossil fuels are burned, carbon dioxide is emitted.
Types (or Ranks) of Coal
Low Rank
Increasing  Peat
pressure,  Lignite
temperature
and  Sub-bituminous coal
depth of  Bituminous coal
burial  Anthracite coal
High Rank
Peat: The sediment that forms coal
• Brown, partially decayed
plant fragments.
• Vegetation accumulates
in wetlands (swamps,
marshes, peat bogs or
lakes).
Pamela Gore
• Stagnant water (little or
no oxygen) slows
decomposition rate.
Lignite
• Soft, dark brown, gray or
black, crumbly, sooty coal.
• Plant parts may be visible.
• Formed from compaction of
Pamela Gore
peat under low burial
pressures & temperatures.
• Low rank coal.
• Carbon content 46-60% (dry
basis).
Sub-bituminous coal
• Intermediate between lignite and

bituminous coal.
• Carbon content 46-60% (dry basis).
Bituminous coal
• Hard, but slightly sooty.
• Dull to shiny luster.
• May have layers.
• Deeper burial, longer burial,
Pamela Gore
and higher temperatures than
lower coal ranks.
• Most abundant coal rank in
the United States.
• Carbon content 46-86% (dry
basis).
Anthracite coal
• Hard, shiny coal with a
silvery luster.
• A metamorphic rock
formed from bituminous
Pamela Gore
coal at higher temperatures
and pressures.
• The highest coal rank.
• Carbon content 86-98%
(dry basis).
Coalification
• Water is expelled as peat is compacted.

• Plant material breaks down releasing natural gas
(mostly methane).
• A bed of peat about 10 feet thick produces a layer of
coal about 1 foot thick.
Carbon, Heating Value and
Carbon Dioxide
• Different types of coal contain different amounts of carbon.
• The highest percentage of carbon is found in the highest rank
coal.
• High-rank coal also has a higher heat content (or heating
value).
• When coal is burned, carbon dioxide is emitted – a greenhouse
gas related to global warming.
Petroleum and Natural Gas Formation
atmosphere to the ocean and into marine organisms.
• Remains of organisms are buried under sediment and
converted into oil and natural gas.
• When these fossil fuels are burned, carbon dioxide is emitted.
2.OIL
What is Oil (or Petroleum)?
Liquid hydrocarbons that are present in

certain layers of sedimentary rock (the
geosphere).
A hydrocarbon is an organic compound
consisting of hydrogen and carbon
found in crude oil, natural gas, and coal.
Hydrocarbons are highly combustible
and the main energy source of the
world. Its uses consist of gasoline, jet
fuel, propane, kerosene, and diesel, to
name just a few.
• Petroleum can be extracted from the rock and
refined to produce fuels and chemicals.
Petroleum products
Other products:
• Kerosene
• Lubricants
• Waxes
• Asphalt
• Chemicals
A barrel of oil is 42 gallons.

What is Natural Gas?
• The major component in natural gas is methane,
CH4
• Other gases that may be present include:

 ethane, C2H6
 propane, C3H8
 butane, C4H10
• https://www.slideserve.com/amanns/fossil-fuels-amp-energy-
powerpoint-ppt-presentation

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SOURCES OF ENERGY

Identifying Renewable Energy Sources

• Nonrenewable means they are consumed by

Nuclear energy is not a fossil fuel and is not

• Intermediate between lignite and

• Water is expelled as peat is compacted.

Liquid hydrocarbons that are present in

A barrel of oil is 42 gallons.

• Other gases that may be present include:

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