Presentation on Robotics

Name – Aamir Suhail

Ankit Singhal
Chandra
 INTRODUCTION
Robotics is an interdisciplinary branch of computer
science and engineering.
Robotics involves the design, construction, operation,
and use of robots. The goal of robotics is to design
machines that can
help and assist humans. Robotics integrates fields
of mechanical engineering, electrical
engineering, information engineering, mechatronics
engineering, electronics, biomedical
engineering, computer engineering, control systems
engineering, software engineering, mathematics, etc.
 Robotics develops machines that can substitute for humans and
replicate human actions.

 Robots can be used in many situations for many purposes, but today
many are used in dangerous environments (including inspection of
radioactive materials, bomb detection and deactivation),
manufacturing processes, or where humans cannot survive (e.g., in
space, underwater, in high heat, and clean up and containment of
hazardous materials and radiation).

 Robots can take any form, but some are made to resemble humans
in appearance. This is claimed to help in the acceptance of robots in
certain replicative behaviors which are usually performed by people.
Such robots attempt to replicate walking, lifting, speech, cognition,
or any other tasks mainly performed by a human.

 Many of today's robots are inspired by nature, contributing to the

field of bio-inspired robotics.
 Characteristics
There are some characteristics of robots given below:

 Appearance: Robots have a physical body. They are held by

the structure of their body and are moved by their mechanical
parts. Without appearance, robots will be just a software
program.

 Brain: Another name of brain in robots is On-board control

unit. Using this robot receive information and sends commands
as output. With this control unit robot knows what to do else
it’ll be just a remote-controlled machine.

 Sensors: The use of these sensors in robots is to gather info

from the outside world and send it to Brain. Basically, these
sensors have circuits in them that produces the voltage in them.
 Program: Robots only works or responds to the instructions
which are provided to them in the form of a program. These
programs only tell the brain when to perform which operation
like when to move, produce sounds etc. These programs only tell
the robot how to use sensors data to make decisions.

 Behavior: Robots behavior is decided by the program which

has been built for it. Once the robot starts making the
movement, one can easily tell which kind of program is being
installed inside the robot.

 Actuators: The robots move and the parts with the help of
these robots move is called Actuators. Some examples of
actuators are motors, pumps, and compressor etc. The brain
tells these actuators when and how to respond or move.
 TYPES OF ROBOT

These are some types of robots given below:

 Articulated: The feature of this robot is its rotary joints and
range of these are from 2 to 10 or more joints. The arm is
connected to the rotary joint and each joint is known as the axis
which provides a range of movements.

 Cartesian: These are also known as gantry robots. These have

three joints which use the Cartesian coordinate system i.e. x, y,
z. These robots are provided with attached wrists to provide
rotatory motion.

 Cylindrical: These types of robots have at least one rotatory

joints and one prismatic joint which are used to connect the
links. The use of rotatory joints is to rotate along the axis and
prismatic joint used to provide linear motion.
 Scara: These robots are mainly used in assembly applications.
Its arm is in cylindrical in design. It has two parallel joints
which are used to provide compliance in one selected plane.

 Polar: These are also known as spherical robots. The arm is

connected to base with a twisting joint and have a combination
of 2 rotatory joint and one linear joint.

 Delta: The structure of these robots are like spider-shaped.

They are built by joint parallelograms that are connected to the
common base. The parallelogram moves in a dome-shaped work
area. These are mainly used in food and electrical industries.
Humanoid Robots
 Humanoid robots are robots that look like or mimic human
behavior. These robots usually perform human-like activities
(like running, jumping and carrying objects), and are
sometimes designed to look like us, even having human faces
and expressions. Two of the most prominent examples of
humanoid robots are Hanson Robotics’ Sophia and Boston
Dynamics’ Atlas.

Autonomous Robots

Autonomous robots operate independently of human operators.

These robots are usually designed to carry out tasks in open
environments that do not require human supervision. They are quite
unique because they use sensors to perceive the world around them,
and then employ decision-making structures (usually a computer) to
take the optimal next step based on their data and mission. One
example of an autonomous robot is the Roomba vacuum cleaner,
which uses sensors to roam freely throughout a home
What Are the Main Components of a Robot?

Control System
Computation includes all of the components that make up a robot’s
central processing unit, often referred to as its control system.
Control systems are programmed to tell a robot how to utilize its
specific components, similar in some ways to how the human brain
sends signals throughout the body, in order to complete a specific
task. These robotic tasks could comprise anything from minimally
invasive surgery to assembly line packing.

Sensors
Sensors provide a robot with stimuli in the form of electrical signals
that are processed by the controller and allow the robot to interact
with the outside world. Common sensors found within robots include
video cameras that function as eyes, photoresistors that react to light
and microphones that operate like ears. These sensors allow the
robot to capture its surroundings and process the most logical
conclusion based on the current moment and allows the controller to
relay commands to the additional components.
Actuators

A device can only be a robot if it has a movable frame or body.

Actuators are the components that are responsible for this
movement. These components are made up of motors that receive
signals from the control system and move in tandem to carry out the
movement necessary to complete the assigned task. Actuators can be
made of a variety of materials, such as metal or elastic, and are
commonly operated by use of compressed air (pneumatic actuators)
or oil (hydraulic actuators) but come in a variety of formats to best
fulfill their specialized roles.

End Effectors

End effectors are the physical, typically external components that

allow robots to finish carrying out their tasks. Robots in factories
often have interchangeable tools like paint sprayers and drills,
surgical robots may be equipped with scalpels and other kinds of
robots can be built with gripping claws or even hands for tasks like
deliveries, packing, bomb diffusion and much more.
Power Supply

Like the human body requires food in order to

function, robots require power. Stationary robots,
such as those found in a factory, may run on AC
power through a wall outlet but more commonly,
robots operate via an internal battery. Most robots
utilize lead-acid batteries for their safe qualities and
long shelf life while others may utilize the more
compact but also more expensive silver-cadmium
variety. Safety, weight, replaceability and lifecycle
are all important factors to consider when designing
a robot’s power supply.

Some potential power sources for future robotic

development also include pneumatic power from
compressed gasses, solar power, hydraulic power,
flywheel energy storage organic garbage through
Advantages:
 Increased Efficiency: Robots can work 24/7 without
getting tired, leading to increased productivity and
efficiency.

 Improved Accuracy: Robots can perform tasks with

high precision and accuracy, reducing errors and
improving quality.

 Increased Safety: Robots can perform tasks that are

dangerous for humans, improving overall safety in the
workplace.

 Reduced Labor Costs: The use of robots can lead to

reduced labor costs, as robots can perform tasks more
cheaply than human workers
 Disadvantages:

 Initial Cost: Implementing and maintaining a robotics

system can be expensive, especially for small and
medium-sized businesses.

 Job Losses: The increased use of robots may result in

job losses for human workers, particularly in industries
where manual labor is prevalent.

 Limited Capabilities: Robots are still limited in their

capabilities compared to human workers and may not
be able to perform tasks requiring dexterity or
creativity.

 Maintenance Costs: Robots require regular

maintenance and repair, which can be time-consuming
and expensive
Applications:

Different types of robots can performs different types of

tasks. For example, many of the robots are made for
assembly work which means that they are not relevant for
any other work and these types of robots are called
Assembly Robots. Similarly, for seam welding many
suppliers provide robots with their welding materials and
these types of robots are known as Welding Robots. While
on the other hand many robots are designed for heavy-
duty work and are known as Heavy Duty Robots.

There are some applications given below:

 Caterpillar plans which is aiming to
develop remote-controlled machines and
are expecting to develop heavy robots by
2021.
 Robots are increasingly been used more than humans in
manufacturing while in auto-industry there are more
than half of the labors are “Robots”.
 Many of the robots are used as Military Robots.
 Robots have been used in cleaning up of areas like toxic
waste or industrial wastes etc.
 Agricultural robots.
 Household robots.
 Domestic robots.
 Nano robots.
 Swarm robots.
THANKYOU