Bracing Breating Anatomical Movements

PATHFIT 101
First Semester – Week 3

TOPICS
• Bracing the core
• Breathing
• Anatomical position
• Anatomical movements
The CORE
• WHAT IS CORE?
• Set of muscles that
stabilizes the spine, increase
pressure within the
abdomen, and support limb
movements.
• Where is your core

muscles?
• Your core includes all the
muscles deep in your body
that attach to your spine and
pelvis.
Bracing the core
• What is bracing?
• A technique to stabilize the spine.
• How to brace?
• Tighten all the muscles
surrounding the abdomen
• The erector spinae muscles
immediately go into joint action
and support the back from rear
• Contract the pelvic floor muscles
from below
Breathing
• Inhale with your nose
• Exhale with your mouth
• Note:
• Breath with your diaphragm
• Don’t move your shoulders
• Observe your posture and
stomach
Activity for breathing
• The use of balloons
Anatomical Position
Anatomy is the study of the
structures of the human body.
Anatomical Position
1. Standing in upright
standing position.
2. Face and feet pointing
forward.
3. Arms hanging at the side
with palms facing forward
Body Planes
• Sagittal plane
• Coronal plane/
frontal plane
• Transverse
plane/ Axial
plane
What is an anatomical plane/ body plane?
• An anatomical plane is a hypothetical plane used to divide the
body, in order to describe the location of structures or the
direction of movements.
What is the connection of planes to body movements?

• Planes help you identify the direction of the movement.
• Movements are parallel to an specific plane
Sagittal Plane
It runs vertical from top to bottom and

it divides the body into a left and right
portion
Coronal Plane/ Frontal Plane
Transverse Plane
Anatomical Movements
• Anatomical movements can be defined as the act or instance
of moving the bodily structures or as the change of
position in one or more of the joints of the body.
• They occur in opposing pairs.

1. Flexion refers to a
movement that decreases
the angle between two
body parts.
2.Extension refers to a
movement that increases the
angle between two body
parts.
3.Abduction is a
movement away from
the midline – just as
abducting someone is to
take them away.
4.Adduction is a
movement towards the
midline
5. Medial rotation is a rotational
movement towards the midline.
It is sometimes referred to as
internal rotation.
6. Lateral rotation is a rotating

movement away from the midline.
This is in the opposite direction to
the movements described above.
7.Elevation refers to movement
in a superior direction
8. Depression refers to
movement in an inferior direction.
9.Pronation: movement of
hand and forearm to bring
the palm facing posterior.
10.Supination: movement of
hand and forearm to bring
the palm facing anterior
11.Opposition brings the
thumb and little finger
together.
12.Reposition is a
movement that moves the
thumb and the little finger
away from each other,
effectively reversing
opposition.
13.Dorsiflexion refers to
flexion at the ankle, so
that the foot points more
superiorly.
14.Plantarflexion refers
extension at the ankle,
so that the foot points
inferiorly.
15.Inversion involves the
movement of the sole
towards the median plane –
so that the sole faces in a
medial direction.
16.Eversion involves the

movement of the sole away
from the median plane – so
that the sole faces in a
lateral direction.
17.Protraction describes the
anterolateral movement of the
scapula on the thoracic wall that
allows the shoulder to move anteriorly.
In practice, this is the movement of
‘reaching out’ to something.
18.Retraction refers to the

posteromedial movement of the
scapula on the thoracic wall, which
causes the shoulder region to move
posteriorly i.e. picking something up.
19.Circumduction can be
defined as a conical movement
of a limb extending from the
joint at which the movement is
controlled. It is sometimes
talked about as a circular
motion, but is more accurately
conical due to the ‘cone’ formed
by the moving limb.

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PATHFIT 101

First Semester – Week 3

• Where is your core

What is the connection of planes to body movements?

It runs vertical from top to bottom and

• They occur in opposing pairs.

6. Lateral rotation is a rotating

16.Eversion involves the

18.Retraction refers to the

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