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    Phylum Porifera (Lab - Exer.2)

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    jaimee_1111
    This document summarizes the results of an experiment identifying and classifying 10 sponge specimens based on their habitat, physical characteristics, microscopic anatomy, and skeletal structures. Specimens were found in intertidal zones and near water, and displayed a variety of colors and textures. Examination of tissue slides and acid treatment revealed monoaxial, triaxial, and other spicule types. Based on spicule structure, canal system architecture, and other traits, specimens were classified as belonging to the classes Calcarea, Demospongia, or Hexactinellida. The experiment aimed to differentiate sponge classes using physical and microscopic anatomical features.

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    Phylum Porifera (Lab - Exer.2)

    Uploaded by

    jaimee_1111
    198 views26 pages
    This document summarizes the results of an experiment identifying and classifying 10 sponge specimens based on their habitat, physical characteristics, microscopic anatomy, and skeletal structures. Specimens were found in intertidal zones and near water, and displayed a variety of colors and textures. Examination of tissue slides and acid treatment revealed monoaxial, triaxial, and other spicule types. Based on spicule structure, canal system architecture, and other traits, specimens were classified as belonging to the classes Calcarea, Demospongia, or Hexactinellida. The experiment aimed to differentiate sponge classes using physical and microscopic anatomical features.

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    Phylum Porifera (Lab.exer.2)

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    This document summarizes the results of an experiment identifying and classifying 10 sponge specimens based on their habitat, physical characteristics, microscopic anatomy, and skeletal structures. Specimens were found in intertidal zones and near water, and displayed a variety of colors and textures. Examination of tissue slides and acid treatment revealed monoaxial, triaxial, and other spicule types. Based on spicule structure, canal system architecture, and other traits, specimens were classified as belonging to the classes Calcarea, Demospongia, or Hexactinellida. The experiment aimed to differentiate sponge classes using physical and microscopic anatomical features.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    198 views26 pages

    Phylum Porifera (Lab - Exer.2)

    Uploaded by

    jaimee_1111
    This document summarizes the results of an experiment identifying and classifying 10 sponge specimens based on their habitat, physical characteristics, microscopic anatomy, and skeletal structures. Specimens were found in intertidal zones and near water, and displayed a variety of colors and textures. Examination of tissue slides and acid treatment revealed monoaxial, triaxial, and other spicule types. Based on spicule structure, canal system architecture, and other traits, specimens were classified as belonging to the classes Calcarea, Demospongia, or Hexactinellida. The experiment aimed to differentiate sponge classes using physical and microscopic anatomical features.

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    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that Porifera are the most primitive multicellular organisms and lack tissues, organs and systems. They have pores, canals and choanocytes and have either a siliceous, calcareous or spongin skeleton.

    Porifera are aquatic, primarily marine organisms that are attached to substrates. They are diploblastic, multicellular organisms composed of pores, canals and choanocytes. They lack tissues, organs and a digestive system. Their skeletons are made of siliceous spicules, calcareous spicules or spongin fibers.

    Porifera are classified based on their canal system morphology, spicule composition and external characteristics. The main classes are Calcarea, Demospongia and Hexactinellida.

    Phylum Porifera

    Laboratory Exercise 2

    Porifera
    most primitive metazoans with lower grade of body organizations

    made of cells, no tissues or organs found in their


    body

    without mouth and nervous system

    Compose of many pores, canals and chonaocyte cells can be differentiated from the protozoans in having cells and skeleton in the forms of spicules.

    General Characters

    General Characters
    All sponges are aquatic, marine or freshwater; remain attached to some submerged substratum. Body flower-vase like or tubular, with radial symmetry or without any symmetry. Multicullular body is provided with many pores or Ostia.

    The space in between ectoderm and endoderm is filled with mesenchyme, i.e., the animal is diploblastic. Body is having canal system. Flagellated cells or choanocytes line the radial canal.

    Internal skeleton is made up of spongin fibre, siliceous or calcareous spicules. Reproduction sexual or asexual, asexual reproduction takes place by the formation of gemmules.

    . OBJECTIVES

    To classify Poriferan groups into Calcarea, Demospongia and Hexactinellida by using the canal system, spicule types and external characteristics of the sponge body.

    Materials
    3 identified samples of sponges of different classes

    10 unidentified samples of sponges of different types


    Microscope Glass Slides with cover slip Blade Sulfuric Acid

    METHOD
    1. Borrow a cross sectional slide of the Poriferan of different Classes (if available in the laboratory) and study their histology. Compare such with the samples by studying them under the dissecting microscope. Tabulate cytological or histological differences.

    2. Collection of Specimen: Collect sponges of different types by cutting about 2 mm of the poriferan tissue and place them in labeled plastic bags. (This will be explained by the Instructor).

    3. Determination of Canal System: Each student will need 10 samples to study. The corresponding labels of the samples should be recorded for classification purposes. Categorize them according to (A) type of water canal system (Asconoid, Leuconoid, Syconoid) as based on the arrangement and complexity of the folds and chambers as observed under the dissecting microscope; (B) coloration (bright, dull, brown, etc); (C) epidermal texture ( rough, spiny, smooth, nodular, etc). Tabulate data.

    4. Spicule Separation and Bleaching of Spicules: a. Place an amount of sulfuric acid to a sample of the sponge in a slide to remove the organic components of the choanoderm and observe it using the LPO of a compound microscope. Identify the type of spicule ( monoaxon, triaxon, bi radiate, triradiate, etc), in each sample. Illustrate the spicule type and tabulate types according to Classes of Porifera. Calcareous sponges have greater density of simple calcium carbonate spicules while Demospongea possess more complex spicule types arranged in a proteinous matrix. The Hexactinellids possess siliceous type of spicules. b. All characteristics of the Porifera should be properly illustrated or documented

    Results

    Specimen 1

    Habitat
    Intertidal area inhabited by crustaceans

    Color & texture


    Dark yellow, rough

    Class

    Spicule Type
    Monoaxon

    Canal System
    Syconoid

    Size /Form of Colony


    Massive

    Calcarea

    Specimen 2

    Habitat
    Middle of intertidal area

    Color & texture


    Black, fairly smooth

    Class

    Spicule Type
    Monoaxon/ triact

    Canal System
    Syconoid

    Size /Form of Colony


    Massive

    Demospongia

    Specimen 3

    Habitat
    Middle of intertidal area

    Color & texture


    Yellowis h brown, fine texture

    Class

    Spicule Type
    Monoaxon

    Canal System
    Leuconoid

    Size /Form of Colony


    Massive, branching

    Calcarea

    Specimen 4

    Habitat
    Middle of intertidal area

    Color & texture


    Violet

    Class

    Spicule Type
    Monoaxon

    Canal System
    Leuconoid

    Size /Form of Colony


    Massive

    Calcarea

    Specimen 5

    Habitat

    Color & texture


    Yellow

    Class

    Spicule Type
    Monoaxon

    Canal System
    Syconoid

    Size /Form of Colony


    Small,Flat

    Near water

    Calcarea

    Specimen 6

    Habitat
    Middle of intertidal pool

    Color & texture


    Yellow

    Class

    Spicule Type
    Monoaxon, both pointed

    Canal System
    Leuconoid

    Size/Form of Colony
    Massive

    Calcarea

    Specimen 7

    Habitat
    Near the water

    Color & texture


    Pinkish red

    Class

    Spicule Type
    Monoaxon

    Canal System
    Leuconoid

    Size/Form of Colony
    Massive

    Calcarea

    Specimen 8

    Habitat

    Color & texture


    Dark green, red

    Class

    Spicule Type
    Complex monoaxon

    Canal System
    Leuconoid

    Size/Form of Colony
    Branching

    Near water

    Demospongia

    Specimen 9

    Habitat

    Color & texture


    Orange

    Class

    Spicule Type
    Branching upward monoaxon

    Canal System
    Leuconoid

    Size/Form of Colony
    Massive

    Near water

    Calcarea

    Specimen 10

    Habitat

    Color & texture


    White

    Class

    Spicule Type
    Monoaxon

    Canal System
    Leuconoid

    Size/Form of Colony
    Massive, branching

    Near water

    Demospongia

    Summary
    Specimen no. Habitat Color & texture Dark yellow, rough Black, fairly smooth Yellowis h brown, fine texture Class Spicule Type Canal System Size/ Form of Colony

    Intertidal area

    Calcarea

    Monoaxon

    Syconoid

    Massive

    Middle of intertidal area Middle of intertidal area Middle of intertidal area

    Demospon monoaxon. gia /triact

    Syconoid

    Massive

    Calcarea

    Monoaxon hylostyle

    Leuconoid

    Massive, branching

    Violet

    Calcarea

    Monoaxon

    Leuconoid

    Massive

    Summary
    Specimen no. Habitat Color & texture Class Spicule Type Canal System Size/ Form of Colony

    Near water

    Yellow

    Calcarea

    Monoaxon

    Syconoid

    Small, flat

    Middle of intertidal pool

    Yellow

    Calcarea

    Monoaxon both are pointed

    Leuconoid

    Massive

    Near the water

    Pinkish red

    Calcarea

    Monoaxon

    Leuconoid

    Massive

    Near water

    Dark green

    Demospongia

    Complex Monoaxon

    Leuconoid

    Branching

    Summary

    Specimen no.

    Habitat

    Color & texture

    Class

    Spicule Type
    Branching upward Calcarera

    Canal System

    Size/ Form of Colony

    Near water

    Orange

    Calcarea

    Leuconoid

    Massive

    10

    Near water

    White

    Demospongia

    Monoaxon

    Leuconoid

    Massive, branching

    Thank You!!

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