Algebra

Fundamental Algebra
Algebraic Notations
= A + A + A = 3 APPLE = 3A
OR 3 . A . A . A
 I bought 5 books and the total cost is Rp.25000
◦ 5x = 25000
 We use shapes to represent the unknowns
It is easier to use
letters to represent
the unknowns
The operations such as +, -, x, 
are used in algebra as in
arithmetic
(i) 5 + 2 = 7 (i) a + b = c (e.g. a = 5, b = 2, c =

7)
(ii) 5 – 2 = 3
(ii) m – n = p (e.g. m = 5, n = 2, p
(iii) 4 x 3 = 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 =
= 3)
12
(iii) 4 x b = b + b + b + b (e.g. b =
(iv) 6  2 = 3
3)
(v) 2 x 2 x 2 = 23
(iv) a  b = c (e.g. a = 6, b = 2, c =
3)
(v) a x a x a = a3 (e.g. a = 2)
a 1
= a : 3 or xa
3 3 Note:
3a2b = 3 x a x a x b
3(a+b) = 3x(a+b)
Algebraic Expressions
 An expression that consists of algebraic terms, operation
symbols(+,- ,x, :) or brackets
3x + 5
Coefficient of x Constant
Variable
 In the linear expression 5x + 3y – z +3, there are
◦ 4 terms: 5x, 3y, -z, 3
◦ 3 variables: x, y, z
◦ 1 constant term : 3
◦ Coefficient : 5, 3 and -1 respectively
 Ex:find the terms, variables, coefficient and constant term from
this expressions
◦ 7a – 3b + 2c + 17d – 8
◦ 7x2 – 2xy + 5y
 What Is a Variable?
•A variable is a symbol that represents a number.
• Letters, for example, x, y, and z represent
variables.
 A number attached to one or more variables in a
term is called a coefficient.

 In. an algebraic expression, a constant is a
number
 Write an algebraic expression for each of the
following:
◦ Three times of variable x divided by the sum of 3
and k.
◦ Five times the number which is 3 more than h
 If p = 3 and q = 2, find the value of this
following:
a. p2 + q2 b. 4p2 + 3q2 + 6
An algebraic expression is an
expression involving variables,
constants, and operational (+, -, x, )
Operation of Linear Expression(Addition and
Subtraction)
 Review Algebra disc
◦ -(x)
◦ -(-3x)
 Addition and subtraction of linear expression
◦ 3x + 5x
◦ 3x +(-5x)
◦ 3x – (5x)
◦ 3x –(-5x)
 In adding or subtracting numbers - must be of the
same units
Example: 3 kg + 2 kg = 5 kg
Further
 Similarly in Algebra, addition and subtraction are
only possible between the same terms. These are
called like terms.
Example :
a. 2a + 3b – 4a + 7b
Like terms : 2a – 4a(Like terms are terms with
the same variable(s))
Unlike terms : 3b + 7b
2a and 3b are unlike terms, so we can not simplify
that terms.
3b + 7b are like terms, so we can simplify that
terms,
3b + 7b =
10b
b.4x - 5y + 7x – 8y
Like terms :
Unlike terms :
Constants, for example, 15, -2, 27, 9043, 0.6 are also like
terms. Do you know why?
Ans: They do not contain any variables.

Distributive law
 In algebra we usually use the Distributive law :
a(b+c) = ab + ac
a(b–c) = ab – ac
a(x + y) =ax + ay
Expansion of Linear Expressions
 Expand each of the following expressions:
◦ 7(5x)
◦ 7(-5x)
◦ -7(5x)
◦ -7(-5x)
Expansion and Simplification of
Linear Expressions
 Negative of a linear expression
◦ In this example, there is a minus sign is in front of the
brackets
1.Imagine a factor of 1 in front of the brackets
2. Multiply each term in the brackets by –1, as there is a
minus sign in front of the number 1.
 -(x+2)
 -(x-2)
 -(-x+2y-1)
 Findthe sum of the following
expressions
◦ (x-1) and (-3x+1)
◦ -(x-3y) and (2x+3y)
Example:
2(x - y) = 2x – 2y
 Solve this problems:
1. -7(2a - b) =
2. -7(-2y -3) =
3. k(k - m + 3n) =
When simplifying expressions using the
Distributive Law,
• first multiply the terms in the brackets

with the term in front of the brackets, then
combine the like terms .
Expand and simplify each of the

following expressions
1. 5(x – 4) – 3(x+2)=
2. a+ b – (2a – b + c) =
2 2
3. 3(x – 5x + 4) – 7(x – x – 2) =
 Subtract 2y + 7 from 7y -7
 Write an algebraic expression for the
following questions
◦ Jen weighs 76 kilograms and Jack weighs g
kilograms. What is their total weight?
◦ Kay is 4 times as tall as Cart. If Cart is x m tall,
what is Kay’s height?
Simplification of linear expressions
with fractional coefficients
2 x  1 5x 2(2 x  1) 3(5 x) Find the LCM of the
  
3 2 6 6 denominators.
4 x  2 15 x
 
6 6
4 x  15 x  2 Combine the fractions
 into a single fraction.
6
19 x  2

6
2 z  7 2 z  6 (2 z  7) x 11 (2 z  6) x 3
   The LCM of 3 and
3 11 33 33 11 is 33.
22 z  77 6 z  18
 
33 33
22 z  77  6 z  18 Combine the fractions

 into a single fraction.
33
16 z  95

33
 Exercise:
x
4x 
5
3y  5 3  8y

3 7
3( x  1) 1
 x
5 2
Factorisation
Algebraic expressions can be written as the product of

factors.
Let’s look at how algebraic expressions can be

factorised.
Example:
Factorise 2x + 10y.
Hint: Find the highest common factor (HCF) of 2

and 10.
 Solution
2x + 10y = 2  x + 2  5y HCF of 2 and 10 is 2. Factor out the
HCF, 2, from each term.
= 2(x + 5y) Further factorise the expression with
the HCF, 2, as one of the factors.
 Factorise each of the following
◦ 64 – 4h
◦ 6x2 – 18xy
◦ – 6g5 – 9g3
5 y  80
2

Algebra

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Algebra

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Algebra

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fundamental Algebra

(i) 5 + 2 = 7 (i) a + b = c (e.g. a = 5, b = 2, c =

term is called a coefficient.

Ans: They do not contain any variables.

• first multiply the terms in the brackets

Expand and simplify each of the

22 z  77  6 z  18 Combine the fractions

Algebraic expressions can be written as the product of

Let’s look at how algebraic expressions can be

Hint: Find the highest common factor (HCF) of 2

You might also like