Lecture 5 ST and The Nation Building

Science and
Technology
and Nation
Building
Sir Toffer
The Concept of Nation Building
• Understanding the concept of nation building requires prior
concept of the term nation
• Nation- group or race of people who shared history,
traditions and culture, sometimes religion, and usually
language.
• Fagoyinbo (2013): the word nation is often synonymously
with state, as in United Nations. But state is more properly the
governmental apparatus by which nation rules itself
• Stephenson (2005): “legitimate use of force”
• Strong nation has aspects by Prof. Gambari
(2008):
• Building political entity
• Building institutions
• Building a common sense of purpose, a sense
of shared destiny, a collective imagination of
belonging
Development in Relation to Nation Building
• McMichael (2004)
• Improvement of humankind.
• Can be understood by political elites as social engineering
of emerging national societies
• Reisman (2008)
• “decision processes and decision outcomes”
• Development implies specific scope values
• Changes incompatible with human dignity is retrogressions
or “dis developmental”
Key Drivers to Development
• Science and technology are key drivers to development
• Development of S&T affects human condition
• Rise of S&T could be fall of other related aspects
• Dehumanization of man
• Degradation of environment
• Cowan and Shenton
• Development meant balancing the apparent inevitability of
technological change with social intervention
• “assisting human society”
• “wrenching social transformation”
Science and Technology in Nation
Building: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
• Implementation of S&T in every nation in every aspect
= modernization
• The absence of modern equipment, the advancement
and benefits that being experience today would not
have been possible (Pujari, 2016)
• In GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE, moving on with the flow of
modernity determines the Nation’s capability to sustain
people’s lives.
Economic Situation
• Development is measured by increases in GNP and GDP
• The global economic situation has become a basis in
determining the classification of countries.
• UN/Dept. of economic and social affairs, UN Conference on
trade and development, 5 UN Regional commissions, i.e.
Economic and Social commission for Asia and Pacific
(ESCAP) launched the WORLD ECONOMIC SITUATION
AND PROSPECTS (WESP)
•Annual reports on world economic trends
• The WESP report 2018 states that “improved
global economic situation” offer best chance
for countries to address “long-term issues”
which hinders development
• Major developed countries
• Canada, Japan, France, Germany, Italy, UK,
and USA
• Developed countries and least developed
countries
• Regions of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and
Caribean
S&T Applications
• Scientific American
• Global Science
• Interactive table of 40 countries ranking in 2012
• USA got the top rank
• Germany
• China
• Japan
• UK
• France
• Canada
• South Korea
• Italy
• Spain
• The said score cad necessitates not only
the scientific outputs but also the process
of utilizing scientific knowledge directly
affecting lives of the people inn the real
world. (Guterl, 2012)
• “developed” countries perform well in the
field of science
• Economic development can be sustained
through effective science and technology
applications-innovations
S&T for Advancement of Developing
Countries
• NAS, 2006
• Developing countries realize the importance of
benchmarking and learning bets practices from
developed nations
• ADMU (2008) quoted Sen. Angara
• “investment on R&D and Education”
• Considers STI as driving force behind success o
Asian neighboring countries
• He further enumerated factors that contribute to economic
successes
• Government investment in public goods and services
such as road, clean water, health and education
• Support for small and medium-scale enterprises
• Support higher education institutions, science and
engineering sectors and industry and trade associations
• Inter-institutional linkages between universities,
industries, government agencies and NGO
• Good governance
S&T in the Philippine
Nation Building
• The Philippine Government, as early ass 1980s,
prioritize the initiative on promoting the role of S&T
in the national development.
• Article XIV, 1987 Philippine Constitution:
 Sec.10: priority to R&D, invention, innovation,
and utilization, and to S&T education, training
and services
 Sec.11: incentives: tax deduction. Scholarship,
grants-in-aid, and other forms of incentives.
 Sec.12: regulate the transfer and promote the
adaptation of technology from all sources for the
national benefit.
 Sec.13: protect and ensure the exclusive rights of
scientists, inventor, artists, and other gifted citizens
to their intellectual property rights.
• This mandate necessitates the assurance of

implementing efforts in utilizing S&T as a tool for
advancing the capability and capacity of the nation
welfare and condition of its people
The DOST
• The primary S&T body in the country responsible for
providing central direction, leadership and coordination of all
scientific and technological-related activities.
• NSDB (June 13, 1958)NSTA (March 17, 1982)DOST
(EO 128, Jan. 30, 1987)
• DOST councils:
 Sectoral planning councils
 R&D institutes
 S&T service intitutes
 Collegial bodies
 Regional Offices
 Provincial S&T centers
Congressional Commission on
STE which will serves as an advisory and
• Commission
policy making body that aims to strengthen the
linkage with all sectors related to S&T in pursuit of
its objectives.
• DTI
 Industry-focused policy and with DOST co-
funds programs
• CHED
 Formulation of policies, plans, and
programs for dev’t of higher education
• NEDA
 Formulate dev’t plans and ensure that plan
implementation achieves the goal of
national development
• World Economic Forum’s Global
Competitivenes Report indication include 12
Pillars to be considered.
Basic Requirements
•Institution
Key for Factor-
•Infrastructures
driven Economies
•Macroeconomic Environment
•Health and Primary Education
Efficiency enhancers
•Higher Education and Training
Key for
•Good Market Efficiency
Efficiency-
•Labor Market Efficiency
driven
•Financial Market Development
economies
•Technological Readiness
•Market size
Innovation and Sophistication Key for

Factors Innovation-
•Business Sophistication driven
•Innovation economies
Pillar Related to S&T:
• Technological Readiness
• Business sophistication
• Innovation
The National Development Agenda
• Philippine Development Plan serves as blueprint of programs
and administration’s plans for progress
• NEDA launched in 2016, the PDP 2017-2022 anchored in
AMBISYON NATIN 2040
• It aims to realize the collective vision of Filipinos over the
next 25 years.
• By 2040, the Philippines is a prosperous middle-class
society where no one is poor. People live long, and healthy
lives, and are smart, and innovative. The country is a high
trust society where families thrive in vibrant, culturally
diverse, and resilient communities
• Leyco (2018): 3 main Pillars of PDP
• Malasa kit
• Pagbabago
• Patuloy na Pag-unlad
Issue-Based NIBRA Programs
1.Water Security- TUBIG Program (Tubig ay Buhayin at
Ingatan)
2.Food and Nutrition Security- SAPAT Program (Saganang
Pagkain Para sa Lahat)
3.Health Sufficiency- LIKAS Program (Likas Yaman sa
Kalusugan)
4.Clean Energy- ALERT Program (Alternative Energy
Research Trends)
5.Sustainable Community- SAKLAW Program (Saklolo sa
Lawa)
6.Inclusive Nation-Building- ATIN Program (Ang Tinig
Natin)
To better focus STI programmes and other initiatives, DOST has launched
an 8-point action agenda (initially in 2006), much in line with
Filipinnovation and LED
This includes:
1) Science-based know-how and tools that enable the agriculture sector to
raise productivity to world-class standards
2) Innovative, cost-effective and appropriate technologies that enable
MSMEs to develop and produce competitive products that meet world-class
standards
3) State-of-the-art facilities and capabilities that enable local industries to
move up the value chain and attain global competitiveness
4) Idea of the Philippines as a global leader in Information Technology -
Business Process Management Services generating direct employment of
1.3mio (520,000 of which in the countryside)
5) ICT-based transformation of governance broadening access to
government services (i.e. health and education) for those in the countryside
(to bring the Philippines in the top 50 global ranking of e-government by
2016)
6) Improved quality healthcare and quality of life thru science, technology
and innovation
7) Highly skilled and globally competitive S&T human resources in
support of the national S&T programs (
Philippine Science High School/PSHS to be the leading science high
school in ASEAN by 2015 and every town to have at least one DOST
scholar by 2016)
8) Science-based weather information and climate change scenarios with
associated impact assessments that enable concerned agencies to develop
appropriate mitigation strategies for a disaster and climate change resilient
Philippines
National Scientist
Angel C. Alcala, PhD
He was recognized
for his research on the
ecology and diversity of
Philippine amphibians
and reptiles
National Scientist
Ramon C. Barba, PhD
Plant physiology
Induction of flowering
of mango and
micropropagation
National Scientist
Edgardo D. Gomez, PhD
Conservation of invertebrate
biology and ecology
Global reefs and Risk
Analysis, Global Coral reef
monitoring network and
international coral reef action
National Scientist
Gavino C. Trono, PhD
He was cited for his
outstanding contribution
in the field of tropical
marine phycology,
focusing on seaweed
biodiversity
Science
Education
in the
Philippines
Aerogas Catalytic Combustor (ACC) is an anti-
pollution, fuel saver and power booster engine device.
It has practical application on all types of internal
combustion engines like engines of Jeeps, Cars,
Trucks, Ships and Motorcycles and even Gas Fired
Power Plants at a very economical cost. It was
invented by Engr. Marino C. Martinez, a chemical
engineer.
Sustainable Alternative Lighting
Lamp is created by Aisa Mijeno. It was
environment- friendly lamp that runs
with just two table spoons of salt and
one glass of tap water.
SALAMANDER Amphibious
Tricycle
ACTIVITY
• CHOOSE 2 PHOTO FROM INTERNET, WHICH YOU
THINK REPRESENTS “NATION BUILDING”. EXPLAIN
IT SHORTLY.

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Science and

• This mandate necessitates the assurance of

Innovation and Sophistication Key for

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