Amity Institute of Public Health

PEDIATRIC NUTRITION
NUTRITION FOR 4-9 YEARS OLD CHILDREN

Submitted By;
Arathy Mohanan
MPH-2020-2022
NO:A13239620054
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INTRODUCTION- Child’s Health and Future

 Children, our future, form one third of our population. Growth is the
best global indicator of children’s well-being.

 Adequate food intake is essential for proper growth

 .
 Low food intake can affect their physical and mental growth.

 Impaired growth and development in children can affect the rest of

their lives Child’s Health and Future
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Malnutrition and Child

 Asia has largest number of malnourished children.India

accounts for 40% of malnourished children in the world.

 UNICEF estimates that malnutrition affects physical and

mental function of 2 billion children. According to WHO
and UNICEF estimates, 60% of child deaths are
malnutrition associated. 1 in 3 of the world's malnourished
children lives in India .

 Rapid growth happens between infancy and adolescence.

 Nutrition is vital during the growth phase .Inadequate

nutrition affects growth and muscle development.
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Nutrition and Child Development

Nutritional status of children during the critical

period is of paramount importance for later
physical,mental and social development.

Outcomes of inadequate diet:

1. Poor growth
2. Poor cognition
3. poor muscle development
4. Reduced work capacity
5. Poor social development
6. Difficulty in school
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Children- 4 to 9 years
• Slow steady growth in boys and girls.
• Average growth of 5-6cm and 2-3kg per year until 9 th or 10 th
birthday.
• Brain growth continues slowly and steadily until full brain
development is achieved at around 16.
• 95% of the adult brain size by age 7.
• Total body fat decreases in toddlers(1-3 yrs) until age 6,when it
begins to increase again.
• Puberty may begin in girls as young as eight.
• Both boys and girls develop a layer of fat about 8-10 yrs to fuel
puberty growth.

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Nutrition for 4-9 years old

children
A. Follow the My Plate guidelines. It states
that every child needs:
 Grains
 Vegitables
 Fruits
 Diary
 protein
 Grains:
-High in nutrients and fibres,support
healthy digestion
-150-170 gm everyday,
 Vegitables: 2 1/2 cups everyday
 Fruits:1 1/2 cups everyday
 Meat and Bones -140 gm every day
 Water -Rapid growth demands adequate
fluid intake
-min-5-6 glass a day.
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Nutiritional Requirement and Required Dietary

Allowance.

 Kilocalories(Energy)
-demand for energy is high during
childhood due to rapid growth
-4-6 years-1360kcal/day
-7-9 yrs-1700 kcal/day(EER)
-No RDA for energy.instead EER is
considered.
 Protein
- Fundemental tissue building
substance of body
-meat,fish,paultry,legumes
-4-6 Yrs-16 gm/day
-7-9 yrs-23 gm/day
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 Fat: Higher fat intake is neede for children as they need energy dense

meals with less bulk.

-25-30 ghms of visible fat /day must be taken for energy.

 Calcium
-It promotes rapid growth during early childhood
and adolescnece
-4-6 yrs 550 mg/day 7-9 yrs-650mg/day

 Iron
-promotes child growth as wells as body circulation.
-4-6 yrs-11mg/day 7-9 yrs-15mg/day
 Zinc-essential for growth,DEficeincy will leads to poor
appetite,decreased taste and poor wound healing.

 Dietary Fibre
-Good source of nutrients and vitamins.
-promotes digestion and reduce risk of childhood obesity
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4-6 yrs 7-9 yrs

MAGNESIUM 125 mg/d 175mg/d

IRON 11mg/d 15mg/d

ZINC 5.9mg/d
4.5mg/d
IODINE 120 mcg/d 120 mcg/d

THIAMINE 0-9mg/d 1.1mg/d

RIBOFLAVIN 1.3mg/d 1.6mg/d

NIACIN 9mg/d 11mg/d

VIT B6 1.2mg/d 1.5mg/d

FOLATE 135 mcg/d 170mcg/d

VIT B12 1.2 mcg/d 2.2mcg/d

VIT C 35mg/d 45mg/d

VIT A 510mg/d 630mg/d

VIT D 600 IU/d 600 IU/d

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• B. Children have a very small stomach that cannot hold very much
food at one time.Thats why we give them snacks to help supply
enough energy and nutrients.

• Nutrient dense snacks could include:

-juice,yogurt,milk,fruit,vegetabled,cooked
meat,unsweetened cereal,whole grain crackers.

• C.Make meals fun by serving foods that vary in colour,texture

shape,size and temperature.

• D.Eat meals with children and avoid using food as rewards or

punishements.It gives children the wrong impression about the
purpose of food.

• E.Let children choose what foods they want to eat for meals.But
encourage healthy choices.
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Suggested packed Lunches

 veg pilao,cptage cheese

 tamato raita etc..
 methi paratha,thick dal and buttermilk
 dal paratha,palak sabzi
 cheese/paneer sandwich
 idli anda sambar
 kchdi,buttermik and chutney

Healthy Snacking

 childrens have very small appetite and they prefer more snacks.
 Eg: puffed rice
 Bread with paneer or egg
 bread toast with milk
 rice flakes with nuts
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Childhood Nutrition Problems

 Short-term Hunger
• It is the un easy sensation occasioned by lack of food.
• Hunger which reduce ability to perform daily activities
• MIssing of meals wi;ll leads tp poor nutritional status.

 Anemia
• A common problem due to insufficeint intake of iron
• Due to inadequate dite and nutruition.
• Fatigue, loss of appetite, etc.are the symptoms.
.
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 Obesity
-On the rise for children and adolescents
-Fators:fat food,over eating,low physical activity
-leading to childhood HTN and Diabetis

 Iodine Deficiency
-Due to lack of iodine intake
-results in impairedgrowth and intellectual development.

 Vitamin A deficiency
-Due to the lack of vitamin rich diet
- results in impaired immune function and risk of
infectious diseases and blindness in children.
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Child Malnutrition

Malnutrition
It is the condition that develops when the body does not get the
right amount of the vitamins,minerals,and other nutrients that needs to
maintain the healthy tissues and organ functions.
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Causes:

1. InfectIons
2. Psychosocial deprivation
3. Lack of sanitisation
4. Poor hygeine
5. Inadequate dietary intake
6. Inadequate health services
7. Premature child

Symptoms
8. Anemia
9. Diarrhea
10. Disorientation
11. Irritability ,fatigiue,loss of weight
12. Skin lesions
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Importance of Good
Nutrition
 Growth and brain development
 Health protection and immunty
 Protection against adult
diseases
 Energy regulation
 Protection of teeth gums’
 Improved behaviour
 Development of good eating
habits for life
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Childrens Nutrition-Tips for Picky Eaters

1. Respects your childs appetite.

2. Stick to the routine.
3. Serve young childrens melas own their own small sized
dishes.Give them tiny servings.
4. Make eating fun.
5. Recruit your childs help.
6. Be creative.
7. Minimize distractions.
8. Dont offer dessert as a reward.
9. Dont be a short order cook.
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National Programs Related To control Of Nutritional

Deficiency Disorders

 Special Nutrition Program

 MidDay meal programme
 Anemia prophylaxis programme
 natioanl iodine deficiency disorders control programme
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Conclusion
 The food children eat today shapes how they will eat for the rest of their
lives. Too many children are still growing up overweight or obese
because of poor diet, while others are malnourished.,
 Better achievement and behaviour – there’s a clear link between what
children eat at lunchtime in school, where they eat it and how they focus
with their teachers in the afternoon.
 Better diet overall – research shows that better food in schools affects
what children choose to eat at other times too. When children have
better cooking skills, their ability to recognise healthier foods improves
and they eat a healthier diet
 There is no other time in life when the provosion of appropriate nutrition
is of greater importance than during infancy and childhood.
 Thus understanding the importance of pediatric nutrition and
implementing correct nutritional guidelines at the right age becomes
very essential.
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References

 en.m.wikipedia.org
 www.unicef.org
 www.nuhs.uk
 www.who.int
 www.google.com
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“So,let your child be healthy”