JERRY P.

DE LEON

LESSON 9:
Decentralization and
Local Governance
 3
2 Introduction
1. identify the different levels of the Philippine local
government;
2. explain the roles and functions of a local government unit;
3. examine how decentralization affects governance;
4. evaluate the performance of a local government unit;
5. conducts an interview with barangay officials on community
programs; and
6. propose solutions to current barangay problems.
Decentralization,
Democratization, and
Governance
 Decentralization, Democratization, and
4 Governance

• The process that involves the transfer of planning,

decision-making, or administrative authority from
the central government to its field organizations,
local government, or nongovernmental organizations
is known as decentralization (Rondinelli and
Cheema, n.d. in Atienza 2006).
Four major forms
of decentralization:
 6 1. Deconcentration

• It involves the redistribution of

administrative responsibilities within
the central government.
• An example of this is the shifting of
workload from the central government
agency to its own field staff outside the
national capital.
 2. Delegation to semi-autonomous or
7 parastatal organizations

• It involves the delegation of decision-

making and management authority for
specific functions to bodies that are not
under the direct control of the central
government.
• Examples of these bodies are public
corporations, and regional planning and
area development authorities.
 8 3. Devolution

• It involves the process by which the

central government relinquishes certain
functions to local government units. It
thus seeks to strengthen or to create
independent levels or units of
government.
• It is an arrangement where there are
reciprocal, mutually beneficial, and
coordinated relationships between central
and local governments.
 4. Transfer of functions from government to
9 nongovernment institutions

• It involves the transfer of

planning and administrative
powers or functions to
voluntary, private, or
nongovernmental institutions.
Decentralization and
democratization reinforce
each other.
Decentralization enhances
local participation and
therefore strengthens
democracy.
Decentralization can only take
place within democratic
processes and it requires for local
government systems to have good
management and democratic
accountability.
Under the 1987 Constitution,
the structure and role of the
Philippine government is
guided by the principle of
decentralization.
Decentralization
and Local
Governance
 15 Decentralization and Local Governance

• The Constitution of the Philippines acknowledges

the importance of local governments. It provides as
a policy that “the State shall guarantee and promote
the autonomy of the local government units-
especially the barangays- to ensure their fullest
development as self-reliant communities.
 16 Decentralization and Local Governance

• The local government in the Philippines are divided

into three levels- provinces and independent cities,
components cities and municipalities, and
barangays. These political subdivisions enjoy “local
autonomy”. But they are also under the general
supervisions of the President, through the secretary
of Department of Interior and Local Government.
 17 Decentralization and Local Governance

• Congress enacted the Republic Act 7160 otherwise known

as the Local Government Code of the Philippines in 1991
to provide for a more responsive and accountable local
government instituted through a system of
decentralization, self-reliant communities and active
partners in nation building by giving the local governments
more powers, authority, responsibilities and resources.
The process of decentralization shall proceed from the
National Government to the local government units.
 18 Decentralization and Local Governance

• Decentralization or transfer of authority,

responsibility and resources from the central
government to lower government is very important
especially when the geographical area of country
and its population are too large for the central
government to manage.
Roles and Functions
of the Philippine
Local Government
Units
There are four units of local
government in the Philippines
as stated in Article X, section
1 of the 1987 Constitution: the
barangay, city, municipality
and province.
 A. Barangay
The barangay is the basic unit of
government. It is made up of at
least two thousand (2000)
inhabitants certified by Philippine
Statistics Authority.
 22 Officials of the Barangay Government

• There shall be in each barangay, a Punong

Barangay, Seven (7) Sangguniang Barangay
members, the Sangguniang Kabataang Chairman, a
Barangay Secretary and a Barangay Treasurer.
There shall also be in every Barangay a Lupong
Tagapamayapa. (The Local Government Code of the
Philippines Section 387).
 23 Role of the Barangay

• As the basic political unit, the barangay serves as

the primary planning and implementing unit of
government policies, plans, programs, projects and
activities in the community and as a forum wherein
the collective views of the people may be
expressed, crystallized and considered and when
disputes may be amicably settled (The Local
Government Code of the Philippines section 384).
 24 Basic Functions of Barangay

1. Ensure the delivery of basic services.

2. Enforce laws and regulation relating to the
protection of the environment.
3. Adopt measures to prevent and eradicate drug
abuse, child abuse and juvenile delinquency.
4. Serves a forum were people’s interests and opinions
on local and national issues are articulated.
5. Serves as a place for settling neighborhood disputes
or conflicts.
 B. Municipality
A municipality may be created if it has an average
annual income, as certified by the provincial
treasurer, of at least two million five hundred
thousand pesos (P2,500,000.00) for the last two
(2) consecutive years based on the 1991 constant
prices; a population of at least twenty-five
thousand (25,000) inhabitants as certified by the
National Statistics Office; and a contiguous
territory of at least fifty (50) square kilometers as
certified by the Lands Management Bureau: (The
Local Government Code of the Philippines Section
441).
 26 Officials of the Municipal Government.

• There shall be in each municipality a municipal

mayor, a municipal vice-mayor, Sangguniang Bayan
members, a secretary to the Sangguniang Bayan, a
municipal treasurer, a municipal assessor, a
municipal accountant, a municipal budget officer, a
municipal planning and development coordinator, a
municipal engineer/building official, a municipal
health officer and a municipal civil registrar.
 27 Officials of the Municipal Government.

• In addition, thereto, the mayor may appoint a

municipal administrator, a municipal legal officer, a
municipal agriculturist, a municipal environment
and natural resources officer, a municipal social
welfare and development officer, a municipal
architect, and a municipal information officer (The
Local Government Code of the Philippines section
443).
 28 Roles of Municipality.

• The municipality, consisting of a group of

Barangays, serves primarily as a general-purpose
government for the coordination and delivery of
basic, regular and direct services and effective
governance of the inhabitants within its territorial
jurisdiction. (The Local Government Code of the
Philippines section 440).
 C. City
A municipality or a cluster of Barangays
may be converted into a component city if it
has an average annual income, as certified
by the Department of Finance, of at least
Twenty million pesos (Php20,000,000.00) for
the last two (2) consecutive years based on
1991 constant prices, and if it has either of
the following requisites: (i) a contiguous
territory of at least one hundred (100)
square kilometers, as certified by the Lands
Management Bureau; or, (ii) a population of
not less than one hundred fifty
thousand(150,000 (The Local Government
Code of the Philippines section 450).
 30 Officials of the City Government

• There shall be in each city a mayor, a vice mayor,

Sangguniang Panlungsod members, a secretary to the
Sangguniang Panlungsod, a city treasurer, a city
assessor, a city accountant, a city budget officer, a
city planning and development coordinator, a city
engineer, a city health officer, a city civil registrar, a
city administrator, a city legal officer, a city
veterinarian, a city social welfare and development
officer, and a city general services officer.
 31 Officials of the City Government

• the city mayor may appoint a city architect, a city

information officer, a city agriculturist, a city
population officer, a city environment and natural
resources officer, and a city cooperatives officer.
(The Local Government Code of the Philippines
section 454).
 32 Role of the City

• The city, consisting of more urbanized and

developed Barangays, serves as a general-purpose
government for the coordination and delivery of
basic, regular, and direct services and effective
governance of the inhabitants within its territorial
jurisdiction. (The Local Government Code of the
Philippines section 448).
Basic Functions of
Cities and
Municipalities
1. Ensure the delivery of basic services.

2. Enact policies and laws, enforce them, and govern

their jurisdiction.

3. Exercise regulatory powers within their

jurisdictional areas to ensure that private enterprise
does not impede the good and welfare of the public.

4. Issue permits and licenses and to revoke or taking

back the same if necessary for local business, land
use and construction, both for industrial and private
purposes.
35 Our team

Takuma Hayashi Mirjam Nilsson

President Chief Executive Officer

Flora Berggren Rajesh Santoshi

Chief Operations Officer VP Marketing
 36 Our extended team

Takuma Hayashi Mirjam Nilsson Flora Berggren Rajesh Santoshi

President Chief Executive Officer Chief Operations Officer VP Marketing

Graham Barnes Rowan Murphy Elizabeth Moore Robin Kline

VP Product SEO Strategist Product Designer Content Developer
37 Plan for product launch

Planning Synergize scalable e-commerce

Marketing Disseminate standardized metrics

Design Coordinate e-business applications

Strategy Foster holistically superior methodologies

Launch Deploy strategic networks with compelling e-business needs

 11 Timeline

Sep Nov Jan Mar May

Synergize Disseminate Coordinate Foster Deploy

scalable standardized e-business holistically strategic
e-commerce metrics applications superior networks
methodologies with
compelling
e-business
needs
 39 Areas of focus

B2B market Cloud-based

scenarios opportunities
• Develop winning strategies to keep • Iterative approaches to corporate
ahead of the competition​ strategy
• Capitalize on low-hanging fruit to • Establish a management framework
identify a ballpark value​ from the inside
• Visualize customer directed
convergence
 40 How we get there

ROI Niche markets Supply chains

• Envision multimedia- • Pursue scalable • Cultivate one-to-

based expertise and cross- customer service one customer
media growth strategies​ through sustainable service with robust
• Visualize strategies​ ideas​
quality intellectual capital​ • Engage top-line • Maximize
• Engage web services with timely deliverables
worldwide methodologies cutting-edge for real-
with web-enabled deliverables time schemas
technologies​
 41 Summary

At Contoso, we believe in giving 110%. By using

our next-generation data architecture, we help
organizations virtually manage agile workflows.
We thrive because of our market knowledge and
great team behind our product. As our CEO says,
"Efficiencies will come from proactively
transforming how we do business."​
​
Thank
you
Mirjam Nilsson​
[email protected]
www.contoso.com