ENGLISH

10
3 RD
QUARTER
ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
When we hear the word “argument,” we know this as a
heated conversation. However, academically speaking, it is
an attempt to persuade someone by presenting evidence
to the reader for why it is a more favorable choice
regarding a particular issue. We persuade people to agree
with our claim using facts. This is called argumentation.
ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
In order to do that, we need to do research and find
evidences to support our claim. This kind of writing is
what we call “argumentative essay.”
An argumentative essay is a written form of
argumentation.
ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
An argumentative essay presents evidences for a
claim in order to let the reader know why it is more
favorable. It also shows why the other side of an issue
is unfavorable or less favorable. It also includes, like
any other essay, an introduction and conclusion.
ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
An argumentative essay is a piece of writing that
takes a stance on an issue.
In a good argumentative essay, a writer attempts to
persuade readers to understand
and support their point of view about an issue by
stating their reasoning and providing evidence to
support it.
ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
Argumentative essay writing is a common assignment
for high school and college students.
Generally, argumentative essay topics are related to
science, technology, politics, and health care.
TERMS RELATED TO AN ARGUMENTATIVE
ESSAY
Argument – an idea that supports the claim. An
argument needs supporting
evidences.
Evidence – facts in the real world that can be used to
support an argument.
Examples of evidences are statistics, data from studies,
historical events, habitual practices, and other facts that can
support an argument.
TERMS RELATED TO AN ARGUMENTATIVE
ESSAY
Counterargument – an idea given by the opposing
side against the claim given in the argumentative essay.
Rebuttal – the response to the counterargument
Pro – an argument in favor of a claim or advantage regarding
something
Con - an argument against a claim or disadvantage regarding
something
 ELEMENTS OF
ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
1. Claim
2. Arguments
3. Evidences
4. Counter argument
5. Rebuttal
 CLAIM
- it is the position or assertion in relation
to an issue. A claim cannot be used to
support an argument because it is a
claim that must be defended.
ARGUMENTS
-statements that
support the claim
EVIDENCES
- the facts or reasons that
support the arguments.
 COUNTER
ARGUMENT
- an opposing
argument or assertion
REBUTTAL
- logical arguments for
rejecting the argument
CONCLUSION
- the conclusion restates the claim,
summarizes arguments, restates the
counterclaim and rebuttal and makes
any recommendation
 ACTIVITY #2
_______1. All mammals are warm-blooded.
_______2. Whales are mammals.
_______3.The Harry Potter Novel is the number 1
best-selling book of all time.
_______4. Not all dogs belong to the canine family.
_______5.Wolves are canine.
_______6.The universe was created with a Big Bang.
_______7.Paper is made from trees.
_______8. Water plants can filter pollution.
_______9. China is the best country in the world.
 EXAMPLE
ISSUE: Should people be encouraged to travel by bicycle rather than by car?
CLAIM: People should be encouraged to travel by bicycle rather than by car.
ARGUMENT: Maintaining a bicycle is less expensive than a car.
EVIDENCE: 1. The parts of a bicycle are much cheaper than the
parts of a car.
2. Fixing a car may require the services of a mechanic who would
charge an expensive amount for labor. On the other hand,
many bicycles can be fixed by the owners themselves.
3. Cars require expensive yearly registration.
 EXAMPLE
COUNTERARGUMENT: Some say that riding a bicycle would
increase travel time and decrease productivity.
REBUTTAL: Traveling by bicycle would actually mean
avoiding rush hour Traffic jams.
CONCLUSION: So, we encourage people to travel by bicycle
rather than by car to avoid traffic jams during rush hours to keep
and it does not make people from being late to their
appointments.
COMPONENTS OF AN ARGUMENTATIVE
ESSAY
Introduction- background of the subject/topic or
thesis.
Body-present your position with supported
evidence.
Refutation- couterclaim and rebuttal.
Conclusion- summarize key points.
 INTRODUCTION

HOOK ?
 INTRODUCTION
• it is an introductory paragraph; it is in the start of
the essay.
• this is called the “gateway” of an essay.
it is because it attracts the attention of readers to
the essay and gives the readers background
information about the topic.
 INTRODUCTION

• it also introduces the thesis statement of the essay,

which is the heart of an essay, and tells what to be
discussed in the body paragraphs.
 EXAMPLE
Why should we ditch our fancy, high priced, gas
guzzling sports car and pick up a low tech
bicycle?
Well, we should all choose to take the old fashion
route because there are money benefits to riding a
bike round town. People should be encouraged to
commute by bicycle rather than by car.
 BODY
• it is the body paragraph where facts of the
given thesis statements of the essay are
written.
• it is where the arguments are written to
support the statements.
 EXAMPLE
(1st Argument) Financial commuting costs for a
bicycle are considerably less than for a car.
A brand new car costs a million pesos and it uses
expensive fuel to let it run and move, while a bicycle
will only cost more than one thousand pesos but does
not need any fuel, and it uses body energy to pedal and
move.
REFUTATION/COUNTERARGUMENT

• it is the argument to refute earlier

arguments and give weight to the actual
position.
 EXAMPLE
• (Counterargument) Some say that riding a
bike would increase commuting time and
decrease productivity.
• (Rebuttal) Commuting by bicycle would mean
avoiding rush hour traffic jams and helping to
be early or on time to an appointment.
 CONCLUSION

• it is rephrasing the thesis statement, major

points, call attention, or just having the
concluding remarks. It even has some
recommendations.
 EXAMPLE
We should choose riding a bicycle. This will
not only be less expensive and fuel-free but it
gives us a healthy body. Finally, it brings us
to destination on time or even earlier
avoiding traffic jams.
 USING INFORMATIVE WRITING
TECHNIQUES
Writing is the most complex of the four
macro skills in communication.
Informative writing explains a specific
topic.The information included in
informative texts is grounded on facts.
 USING INFORMATIVE WRITING
TECHNIQUES
Informative or informational texts may
follow a number of structures like
description, sequence, cause and effect,
problem-solution, and comparison and
contrast.
An informative text educates
readers about a topic or subject.
 INFORMATIVE TEXTS/ESSAY

Informative texts usually answer the five Ws:

who, where, when, what, and why.
Sometimes, they also describe “how” to do or
accomplish something.
When choosing a topic for
informative writing, focus on a
specific topic.
 Just like any type of writing,
informative texts follow a structure –
the introduction, body, and
conclusion.
STRUCTURE OF AN INFORMATIVE
TEXTS
STRUCTURE OF AN INFORMATIVE
TEXTS

 Introduction
 Body
 Conclusion
 THE INTRODUCTION
• Grabbing the attention of readers is part
of the beginning - formally known as
introduction
• It is where the thesis statement is found.
 THE INTRODUCTION
The thesis statement is considered the
most essential part of informative
writing.
According to Kristina Barroso in her
article “Informative Writing
Techniques”, the thesis statement is known
as the road map of an informative text
because the whole essay is built around it.
The thesis sentence is a sentence that
summarizes the entire essay.
 THE BODY
 The body or the middle part is where the
thesis statement is fully explained.
 Evidence such as facts, statistics, statements
from experts, and other supporting details
are found in this section.
 THE BODY
 This section requires citing sources of
information.
 The evidence presented will be the basis
if the information is reliable, accurate,
and unbiased.
 THE CONCLUSION
 The conclusion reiterates the thesis
statement and summarizes the main
points of the informative text.
 THE CONCLUSION
• No new evidence must be presented at
this point because all ideas must have
already been discussed in the body.
FEATURES AND TECHNIQUES
FEATURES AND TECHNIQUES OF AN
INFORMATIVE WRITING

 Tone
 Clarity (being clear)
 Transition words
 TONE
• Tone or attitude of the author toward the
topic. The attitude of the author toward
the topic should always be formal,
objective, and neutral.
 CLARITY

• Always be specific.
 TRANSITION WORDS
• Do not forget to use transitional
words (discussed in previous
modules) for organized and smooth
flow of ideas.
TYPES OF AN INFORMATIVE
WRITING
• Descriptive Essay
• Cause and Effect Essay
• Compare and Contrast Essay
• Process Essay
• Problem-Solution Essay
• Expository Essay
 DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY
A descriptive essay is an essay that
describes something about an event,
person, place, or idea in detail.
CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY
The cause and effect essay describes the
cause of an event or idea and then explains
its effects on today’s world, environment,
and people
COMPARE AND CONTRAST ESSAY
In a compare and contrast essay,
the writer discusses the similarities
and differences between two or
more things.
 PROCESS ESSAY
The process essay is also known as the
“How-To” essay. This essay describes the
process of a phenomenon. The writer
provides detailed information about the
process of doing something
PROBLEM-SOLUTION ESSAY
It is another common type of
informative essay in which you
describe a problem and then propose
its solution.
 EXPOSITORY ESSAY

The expository essay explains,

illustrates, or interprets something in a
way that becomes easy for the readers.