URDPFI GUIDELINES

URBAN AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS

FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION

VOLUME I

CHAPTERS7

SIMPLIFIED PLANNING TECHNIQUES

-By
Taskin C
Harshitha
 SIMPLIFIED PLANNING TECHNIQUES

•The Chapter Describes Some Of The Useful And Simplified Techniques For Data Collection,
Survey, Analysis, Projections And Mapping.
•Most Of These Exercises Can Be Take Up As A Separate Research/ Survey Before Plan
Preparation To Provide Processed Data Inputs.

IDENTIFYING DATA NEEDS AND DATA COLLECTION LIST

DATA CHECKLIST DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES

The data collection checklist is a precise and

exhaustive listing of topics/issues and sub‐topics/issues •Based on primary data collection techniques
related to the information need. Secondary data collection techniques
 PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES

VISUAL SURVEYS INSPECTION PERSONAL INTERVIEW

Visual surveys are direct inspection
surveys, which are performed by survey Direct Inspection •A number of types of surveys are
teams moving in a vehicle or walking. •where human communication is not undertaken face to face or by
This type of survey can be used in the required to elicit the information telephonic conversation
initial stages of the investigation, often
after preparing initial checklist Indirect Inspection
•which are specific to the objectives of
the analysis

PARTICIPATORY RAPID APPRAISAL FOCUSSED GROUP DISCUSSION (FGD) SELF‐SURVEY

•PRA is an intensive, systematic but semi‐ •Focussed group discussion is a qualitative •Survey forms handed out
structured learning experience carried out data collection and research technique. or inserted in the
in a community by a multi‐disciplinary Questions about opinions, perceptions, newspapers and the filled
team, which includes community members beliefs, attitude of people towards planning questionnaires are mail to
aims, services are probed in these discussions surveyor
 SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES

UNPUBLISHED SOURCES
PUBLISHED SOURCES
Statistical and non‐statistical data can also be collected
Mostly secondary data is collected from from various unpublished sources. Some of the important
published sources, which makes it reliable. unpublished sources from which secondary data can
Some important sources of published sources and be collected are:
statistical data are as follow:
The research works carried out by scholars, research associates
Published reports of Central and State Governments and local and professionals.
bodies. The records maintained by private firms and business
Official publications of the foreign Governments. enterprises, which may not have been published due to business
discretion.

TYPES OF SURVEYS

DENSITY SURVEYS
SOCIO‐ECONOMIC SURVEY LAND USE SURVEYS
Density surveys
Land use survey is INFRASTRUCTURE SURVEYS
Demographic are done to
survey is commonly undertaken with understand the
concerned with collection of the purpose to identify Infrastructure survey
relationship
socio‐economic data regarding developed and undeveloped includes the survey of
between built‐up
characteristics of human areas for analysis of physical existing infrastructure
area and population
populations, such as size, distribution and condition of within and surrounding
density.
growth, density, distribution, existing development for •Residential Density the study area in terms
and vital statistics. future projections. •
of its population.
Non‐Residential Density
 TRANSPORTATION SURVEYS

SURVEY NAME

Inventory Of Road Network System Speed And Delay Studies Classified Traffic Volume Counts

•To appreciate the

•To identify physical constraints •To elicit the journey and running spatial distribution of
and bottleneck points along the speed along the road network. traffic.
identified road network. •To identify the bottleneck point. •To establish the level of
service on the road
network system.

Road Side Origin And Destination Mobility Survey (Household Survey)

•To appreciate the traffic characteristics •To elicit socio‐economic characteristics of the
•To appreciate the desired patterns of Household.
Passenger and goods traffic •To elicit travel characteristics of the Household
 SURVEY NAME

PARKING DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS PARKING SUPPLY ACTIVITY PLACE STUDY

TO ASSESS THE PARKING SUPPLY

• To assess the parking characteristics in terms of
•To appreciate the activity pattern in terms of
parking duration and accumulation by Mode
type and intensity.
• To assess future levels of demand
•To appreciate the employment levels by type of
activity

TERMINAL STUDIES
PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM PEDESTRIAN SURVEY
STUDY
SAFETY STUDIES
PARA TRANSIT STUDY INTERSECTION SURVEY
 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES

Carrying capacity of an area can be defined as the maximum number of population.

That can be supported by the environment of that area through optimum utilization of The
available resources.

THIS INDEED DEPENDS HIGHLY ON THE

•SOCIO‐ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE PEOPLE
• USE OF TECHNOLOGY

Planners usually define carrying capacity as the ability of the natural or artificial system that can absorb
the population growth or physical development without considerable degradation or damage.

THERE ARE 6 TYPES OF CARRYING CAPACITIES THAT CAN BE EVALUATED

•INFRASTRUCTURE CAPACITY LEVEL,

• INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY LEVEL,
• PERCEPTUAL CARRYING CAPACITY,
• ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY LEVEL,
• SUSTAINABLE CAPACITY LEVEL AND
• BIO‐CENTRIC CAPACITY LEVEL.

Among these six types, the profound ones are infrastructure capacity level, environmental capacity level, and
sustainable capacity level, which are more relevantto urban planning.
 LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS
Land suitability refers to the ability of a particular type of land to support a specific use. The process
of land suitability classification involves; evaluation and grouping of particular land areas based on
their suitability for a defined use.

Land use suitability analysis aims at identifying the most appropriate spatial pattern for future
land uses according to specific requirements, preferences, or predictors of some activity.

Applications of suitability analysis can be found in many fields, such as site selection for cropland,
agriculture suitability, graze suitability, forestry suitability (natural resource management field), flooding
control, sustainable development (environment field), suitability for urban expansion, site selection for
specific land use etcetera.

THREE SIMPLIFIED STEPS FOR SUITABILITY ANALYSIS MODEL INCLUDE

SELECTING SUITABILITY FACTOR SINGLE FACTOR ANALYSIS MULTIPLE FACTORS OVERLAY

•Weights are accorded to suitability factors according to

•Each factor is represented by a thematic map in GIS,
their relative importance. The weights are determined by
• According to single factor evaluation standard, score is given to the statistic integration and hierarchic analysis in this
research from which the composite score is calculated.
map unit of each factor and then the single factor suitability is
generated,
 PROJECTION TECHNIQUES

POPULATION PROJECTION ESTIMATION OF CITY LEVEL GDP ECONOMIC PROJECTION

•the demand for water, power and •National product is a measure in

•The likely demands of land
waste disposal facilities; housing, monetary terms of the volume of
open spaces and schools; the supply all goods and services produced development rest on various
of labour; spending power available by an economy during a given types of economic activities,its
for the retail trade, the numbers of period of time, accounted without scale, its possible location within
private cars to be expected, possible duplication. It is measured by a city or a city region and broad
recreational demands ‐all can be three approaches, namely the relationships between these
estimated from the projected production, income, and activities.
population. expenditure.
•Simple Extrapolation
•Mathematical and Direct Methods •Production approach
•Productivity Method
•Employment Method •Expenditure approach
•Economic Base Method
•Ratio Methods •Ratio Method

•Migration and Natural increase Method •Input Output Methods

•The Cohort Survival Methods •Projections by Sectors of Economy
•Matrix Methods •Social or Regional Accounts Method
 MAPPING

SCALE OF MAP MAP INFORMATION CHECKLIST PROCEDURE OF COLLECTING DATA

The scale of map used depends Procedure to retrieve data by
upon the size of the planning
Maps contain lots of spatial permissions, which is not available in
area and the coverage and data for the planning of the public forum
extent of the information . the urban and regional areas. are given below:
scale of maps for different types Depending upon the
of planning exercises at various requirement of study and
levels may be selected out of availability of data, features
TOPO SHEETS
the range indicated .
can be selected and Unrestricted topographical/ city guide
presented through map. maps published by Survey of India are
available for sale. The standard
•Perspective Plan •Physical topographical maps on scale 1:25000,
•Planning and Administrative 1:50000 and 1:250,000 and city guide
•Regional Plan maps published for selected
•Hazard prone towns/cities are useful for urban
development plan purpose.
•Local Area Plan/ •History of development
Special Purpose Plan •Demography AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
•Climate Information regarding area of interest for
•Economic and Social aerial photography, its scale and cost rates
•Transportation
development can be obtained from Surveyor General’s
•Tourism Office, Dehradun or the Directorate of
•Infrastructure Survey (Air), New Delhi.
 BASE MAP & DEVELOPMENT PLAN PREPARATION

BASE MAP FEATURES PLAN FORMULATION BHUVAN GEO PORTAL FOR PLANNING

•Geographical Information System (GIS) in •Bhuvan is a geoportal of Indian

•Before taking up any urban planning is increasingly being applied for plan Space Research Organisation (ISRO),
formulation, analysis as well as for proposal. which is for Indian Earth Observation
development plan exercise
As a powerful tool, GIS helps the planners to data products and services. Bhuvan
the first task, both from
view different scenarios and their outcome so provides interpretated satellite
planning point of view and
that an optimal strategy can be chosen for imageries, thematic data and other
as statutory requirement, is
planning and development. services to all, apart from base for
to prepare or obtain reliable,
urbanand regional planning for the
accurate and up‐to‐date
authorised Government agencies.
base map for the respective
town or city for which the •Base Map preparation process
plan is being prepared. •PORTAL USER INTERFACE
•Preparation of existing land use •After Planning activity is over, such
•Purpose of map data can be uploaded on Bhuvan
•Scale •Analysis of Existing Land Use Map portal for public viewing.
• Projection
•Proposed Land use Plan •BHUVAN MOBILE APPLICATIONS
• Method of map‐
making •Bhuvan provides varieties of solutions on
•Draughting skill •Use of GIS in Plan Revision Mobile and Smart‐phone platform in addition
to field data collection and upload, which can
be used for urban and regional planning
exercise.
THANKING YOU