PUMPS

1- Function Of Pumps

2- Pumps Classification

3- Code and Standards

 1- Function Of Pumps
• A wide variety of pumps are used in petroleum industry.
• A pump is used to increase the total energy content of
a liquid in the form of pressure increase.

The pumps are used to perform one of the following jobs:

-Move liquids from low level to high level

-Move liquids from low pressure location
to high pressure location
-Hydraulic Systems
-To increase the flow rate of a liquid
 Definition
Pump is used to convert

Mechanical Power into Hydraulic Power

( Mech. Energy ) ( Hyd. Energy )

P
Pump Drives
The source of power for a pump could be
1. Electric motor,
2. Gas or diesel internal combustion engine,
3. Steam turbine,
4. Gas turbine
Small pumps may be operated by hand or foot, by
air pressure or another fluid pressure, or an
electromagnet.
Pressure is dependent on the (specific gravity) of the liquid
Head is totally independent of (specific gravity) of the liquid

H=115ft H=115ft H=115ft

60 psi 50 psi 35 psi

S.G.- 1.2 S.G.- 1.0 S.G.- 0.7

 2- Pumps Classification

CENTRIFUGAL
CENTRIFUGAL POSITIVE
POSITIVEDISPLACEMENT
DISPLACEMENT OTHERS
OTHERS

MANY
MANYTYPES
TYPES JET
JET

RECIPROCATING LIQUID
LIQUIDRING
RING
RECIPROCATING

ROTARY
ROTARY

PISTON
PISTON DIAPHRAGM
DIAPHRAGM
GEAR
GEAR
PLUNGER
PLUNGER SCREW
SCREW

LOBE
LOBE

VANE
VANE OTHERS
OTHERS
 Main Types Pumps

Positive D.P. Centrifugal Axial Flow

Pressure P V. HIGH HIGH LOW

Flow Rate Q LOW HIGH V. HIGH

S .R .V YES NO NO

Efficiency HIGH MEDIUM V. HIGH

Maint. cost V. HIGH LOW LOW

Pulsation YES NO NO
 10,000 10,000

Multi cylinder plunger

5000 5000
Centrifugal multistage

2000 Gear 2000

Ft of Liquid

1000 1000
Screw Centrifugal
500
double suct. 500

PSIg
Centrifugal single stage

200 200

100 100

50 50

20 20
GPM Axial flow
10 100 1000 10000
2 5 20 50 200 500 2000 5000
 • Centrifugal pumps

Ball Valve

Check Valve

Ball Valve

Strainer
 • Centrifugal pumps

Closed
Closedimpeller
impeller
• Centrifugal pumps
 • Centrifugal pumps

Open
Openimpeller
impeller Semi
Semiopen
openimpeller
impeller
• Centrifugal pumps

Closed impeller
 • Centrifugal pumps

Wearing
rings
Volute function

Internal
leak
Mechanical
Seal
 • Centrifugal pumps

Double
suction
impeller

.
• Centrifugal pumps
 • Centrifugal pumps

Double
suction
impeller
.
 • Reciprocating Pumps

Piston
 • Reciprocating Pumps

PRESSURE
RINGS
RIDER
RINGS
 • Reciprocating Pumps
P Pulsation Dampener

REDUCE PRESSURE FLUCTUATION

1/3 of the accumulator

Filled with Nitrogen

Accumulator Relief
Valve
Q

KEEP ENOUGH QUANTITY IN SUCTION

 • Reciprocating Pumps
THROAT BUSH
Plunger PACKING
LANTERN RING
FOLLOWER
GLAND
 • Rotary pumps

Relief
Valve
 3- Code and Standards
Centrifugal Pumps
API 610
ASME B73.1 & B73.2 Most common pumps
API 685 Seal less Pumps
Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps
API 681
Positive Displacement Pumps
API 674 Reciprocating
API 675 Controlled volume
API 676 Rotary
Firewater Pumps
NFPA 20
Centrifugal
pumps
 Centrifugal pumps
Centrifugal Pumps Construction
Impeller – Semi Open Type
 Centrifugal pumps
Wearing
rings

Hanged Beam
Impeller
 Centrifugal pumps

Volute casing
Centrifugal pumps
 Impellers
Classification

Very high Flow

High Head Very Low Head
High Head
Low Flow High Flow
 SOME TYPES OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

MULTI STAGE
SINGLE IMPELLER DOUBLE SUCTION
IMPELLER

MULTI STAGE
Opposite
 Centrifugal pumps

Seals

• All pumps developed pressure to pump the liquid.

• The pressurize liquid must be contained by a seal
to prevent leakage around the drive shaft .
• There are many types of seals that are used in
many types of pump. E.g.
– Wearing ring
– Packing
– Mechanical seal
 Centrifugal pumps

• Some wear or erosion will occur at the point where the

impeller and the pump casing nearly come into contact.
• This wear is due to the erosion caused by liquid leaking
through this tight clearance and other causes.
• As wear occurs , the clearances become larger and the
rate of leakage increases.
• Eventually, the leakage could become unacceptably
large and maintenance would be required on the pump.
• To minimize the cost of pump maintenance, many
centrifugal pumps are designed with wearing rings.
 Wear Ring Clearance
The following factors does affect the wear ring
clearance:
1. The impeller size – There is certain value for
each size range given by the pump
manufacturer
2. The liquid is clean or contaminated with solid
particles, the particle size and the
concentration
3. The pump RPM
 Eccentric Reducer
Water Jacket

Reducer Wear Rings Radial & Thrust

bearings

Impeller

If the source of supply was

from above the pump, Balance Holes

flat should be at the bottom.

 Eccentric Reducer
Water Jacket

Wear Rings Radial & Thrust

bearings

Impeller

If the pump suction piping

entered after a long Balance Holes

horizontal run or from below

the pump,

flat should be at the top

Horizontal Split Case Feed Pump
 POSITIVE
Vertical Sump Pumps HEAD
 Vertical Cantilever Pump

Slurry Applications
 Vertical Inline Centrifugal

API 610, ASME B73.2

Motor
Inducer
Sundyne Pumps
Driver

One impeller
with Gear box Coupling
, High speed
Pumps Gearbox

Pump
 Gearbox M. Seal

Pump M. Seal
 PUMPS AFFINITY
IF THE PUMP LAWS
SPEED CHANGES FROM
N1 TO N2 Q2 N2
THE FLOW RATE WILL BE
Q1 N1

2
P2 N2
THE DISCH PRESS. WILL BE
P1 N1
3
HP2 N2
THE HORSEPWER WILL BE
HP1 N1
 MECHANICAL SEAL
SINGLE IMPELLER PUMP

HANGED
HANGEDBEAM
BEAM
IMPELLER
IMPELLER
MECHANICAL SEAL

BEARING HOUSING
 SPLIT
SPLITTYPE
TYPE
PUMPS
PUMPS

1- Horizontally Split
High Flow Medium pressure
2- Vertically Split (Double Barrel)
high pressure and
medium Flow
 Pump Turbine

MOTION MOTION

HYDRAULIC HYDRAULIC
ENERGY ENERGY
 Pumps
arrangement
 Centrifugal pumps in series

P1 Pd
Q Q Q
P0 P1

P
PPdd == PP11 ++ PP
 COMPINEND
H ft

80
NEW Q -H

70
HT = HA + HB HT

60
PUMP B

50
40

HB
PUMP A
30
20

HA
10

100 200 300 400 500

Q g.p.m.
 Centrifugal pumps in parallel

Q1 P

P1 Q
P

Q1 P

P1 Q
Q == 22 Q
Q 11
 Centrifugal pumps in parallel
P psi
or
H ft PUMP A , B COMPINEND
CURVES
NEW Q -H
30

P Constant
20
10

Q 2Q
40

300 600
Q g.p.m.
Volute function is to
convert most of the
Velocity energy to
pressure

P = (v2/2g)

Volute

07/24/2024 56
 Volute
Discharge Discharge
 FLUIDS FLOW P2
KINAMATIC ENERGY

P1

Plus Thermal energy

2
2
P1 V2 P2
V1 CONSTANT +
2g
+ 2g

v <v
2 1 P >P
2 1
 TOTAL ENERGY DIMENTIONS

2 2 2
ft ft 2
V sec sec
= ( ft )
= ft
= ft
2g 2
sec 2 sec

Lb
P ft 2 ft 3
= = = ( ft )
Lb
density ft 2
ft 3
 Impeller velocity diagrams

Velocity of liquid
Result

Velocity of liquid
(effect of flow tangential to
the blade trim)

Velocity of liquid
(effect of impeller rotation)

Diffuser
 T P

e
y

r
FLOW KINAMATIC ENERGY t

su
i
oc

es
V2 l

pr
P
v e
2g +
velocity
su re
p r es

suction Impeller volute

shroud

07/24/2024 61
IMPELLERS
IMPELLERSIN
INROW
ROW
MULTI-STAGE
MULTI-STAGE
 Pump outlet
OPPOSITE IMPELLERS
MULTI-STAGE
1- Centrifugal pumps Performance curve

2- Pumps Specific speed

3- Pumps Horse Power

• Centrifugal Pump
Performance Curve (Q-H)
 RPM = 3000
IMP.DIA = 10 Inch
50

ξ Q -H
KW
10 20 30 40

H ft
30 30 40 40 50 5060 60 70

100 200 300 400 500

Q gpm.
 PUMP
RPM = 3000
OPERATING POINT IMP. DIA. 10

.
50

a
. CQ -H b ξ
.
40

H ft

50 60 70
30

30
20

40

20
KW
10

30

10
100 200 300 400 500
230 Q gpm.
 Iso- Efficiency Curves

H ft N1 60

N2 .70 50 40
50

N3
40
30
20

100 200 300 400 500

Q gpm.
10
 Iso- Efficiency Curves
H ft N1 60

70 N2 .70 50
N3
60
50

30 40 50 60 70
40

N1
30

N2
20

N3
10

100 200 300 400 500

Q gpm.
Pump ( RPM ) N1 >N2 >N3
 Specific Speed

Impeller Design vs Specific Speed foot system

 Classification of Centrifugal Pumps
• Radial Flow - a centrifugal pump in which the pressure is developed
wholly by centrifugal force.

• Axial Flow - a centrifugal pump in which the pressure is developed by

the propelling or lifting action of the vanes of the impeller on the
liquid.

• Mixed Flow - a centrifugal pump in which the pressure is developed

partly by centrifugal force and partly by the lift of the vanes of the
impeller on the liquid.
 Pumps Specific Speed NS

RADIAL FRANCES CAPLAN MIXED FLOW PROPELLER

NS = 500 800 1200 2000 3000

1/
N Q 2
NS = 3 / 4
H NS = Dimensionless Number
 N Q
1/
2 N = RPM
NS = 3 / 4 Q = Flow Rate (Gallons. Per Min).
H H = Head Per Impeller (Feet )
or
1/ N = RPM
N Q 2
NS = 3 / 4 Q = Flow Rate (m3/ sec).
H
H = Head Per Impeller (Meter )
 Q
1.0

0.9 ξ 1000
3000
10000 GPM

500
0.8 300
200
100
0.68 0.7 50
30
0.6
0.5

0.4 10 GPM
0.3
0.2

0.1
555
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
N Q
IF NS 3/ 4
H
N = 1500
2000 RPM
Q = 100
1600GPM
GPM 2000
1500 1600
100 15000
80000
NSS 33//44 NSS 1250
555
H = 81 FT/ /Impeller
256 FT Impeller 256
81 27
64
h% EFFICIENCY
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Qgpm
5 10 30 50 100 200 300 500 1000 3000 10000
Ns Qgpm Ns >
200 5 200 14 19 20 22 24
300 10 300 21 25 29 33 39
400 30 400 26 31 35 39 45
500 50 500 31 34 42 47 53 56 61 64 66 70 73 81
600 100 600 45 50 56 59 64 67 70 73 76 84
700 200 700 49 54 60 63 67 71 73 76 79 88
800 300 800 51 55 63 65 69 73 75 79 81 91
900 500 900 53 58 65 68 72 74 77 81 83 93
000 1000 1000 55 60 66 69 73 75 79 83 85 94
1100 3000 1100 56 61 67 70 74 77 81 84 87 95
200 10000 1200 57 63 69 72 75 78 82 85 87 95
300 >10000 1300 57 63 69 72 75 78 82 85 87 95
400 1400 57 63 69 72 75 78 82 85 87 95
500 1500 58 64 70 72 77 79 82 85 87 95
1500 >1500 60 65 72 75 77 80 84 87 90 97
 MOTOR PUMP POWER

W HP = WATER HORSEPOWER W HP = P Q
P Q
B HP = BREAK HORSEPOWER B HP =
ξ

WHERE
WHERE

P = PUMP DIFF. PRESSURE

Q = PUMP FLOW RATE

ξ = PUMP EFFICINCY
 1 HP = 75 kg. m / sec

1 HP = 550 Ib. ft /sec

Q.P
P = bar WHP =
3 75
W HP = 0.037 P Q Q = M hr

M3 /hr Kg / cm2
WHP =
B HP = 0.037 PQ 75

ξ
Kg 100*100
m3
WHP = *
P=psi sec *3600 m2 75
WHP = 0.00058 P Q
Q = GPM
100*100 Kg m
WHP = *
3600 * 75 sec

B H P = 0.00058 PQ Kg m
WHP = 0.037
ξ sec
 CALCULATE MOTOR HP. FO
EXAMPLE
N = 3000

1-PUMP (A) HAS D.P = 20 PSI

Q = 2000 GPM
2-PUMP (B) HAS D.P = 400 PSI
Q = 100 GPM

FOR BOTH PUMPS

WATER. HP. = 0.00058 * 20*2000 HP.

= 23.2 HP

78
 PUMP (A) NS
ξ Q
1.0

0.9 10000
GPM
0.85 0.8 1000
3000
500
300
200
0.7 100
50
0.6 30
0.5

0.4
10 GPM
0.3
5 GPM
0.2

0.1
500 7590
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Q = 2000 GPM 3000 2000

NS 3/ 4 NS 7590
H / Imp = 20 * 2.31 = 46.2 ft 46.2 79
 PUMP A
N = 3000 RPM

1 /2 D.P/impeller = 2O*2.31 = 46.2 ft

N Q
NS = 3 / 4 Q = 2000 GPM
H
1/2
3000 * 2000 3000 * 44.7
NS =
3/4
= = 7590
46.2 17.66

ξ = 0.85
BRAKE HP = 23.2/0.85 = 27 HP.

Motor HP = 27 * 1.2 = 33 HP
80
 NS

PUMP (B) N = 3000

ξ Q
1.0
10000 GPM
0.9 3000
1000
500
0.8 300
200
100
0.7 50
30
0.6
0.5

0.4 10 GPM
0.3 5 GPM
0.25 0.2

0.1

180 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Q = 100 GPM 3000 100

NS 180
NS
H/ Imp = 400 * 2.31 = 924 ft 924
3/ 4
 PUMP B
N = 3000 RPM

1/ D.P/impeller = 400 * 2.31 = 924 ft

N Q 2
NS = 3 / 4 Q = 100 GPM
H
1/2
3000 * 100 3000 * 10
NS = 3/4
= = 180
924 167.7

ξ = 0.25
BRAKE HP = 23.2 /0.25 = 97 HP.

Motor HP = 97 * 1.2 = 116 HP

82
Net Positive Suction Head

NPSH
 Examples of Cavitation Damage

• Increase of noise and vibration, resulting in shorter seal and

bearing life.
• Erosion of surfaces, especially when pumping water-based
liquids.
Cavitation
 CAVITATION CAN OCCUR
in

CENTRIFUGAL
PUMPS
AND

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS

WHEN NPSHA < NPSHR

 What
What isis cavitations
cavitations
phenomenon
phenomenon

It is an action of fluid vapor attack on the parts

of equipment which produce:

Suction pressure less than

Vapor pressure of the pumped fluid.
 Vapor Pressure Graph through
pump the impeller
P
Kg/Cm2

Liquid Cavitation's
converts start
to Vapor
Vapor LIQUID
pressure
limit VAPOR
Vapor
converts
to Liquid

Impeller length
 This action will cause:

loss of the weakest component element

of suction parts material due to bubble
explosion on the surface of suction
parts causing cavities .

Vapor bubble explosion on

the parts surface could be
60,000 psi.
 Water Vapor Pressure Graph

P
Kg/Cm2

80
Liquid covert to vapor Liquid
Add
by two methods Temp
60
1- Add Temp
Lower Pressure
2- Decrease Pressure
40
Vapor
Vapor
20
14.7
Psi 212

150 200 250 300

T F0
 FLUID VAPOR
BUBBLES

Pump suction parts

cavities

Pump suction parts After attack

 LOST ELEMENTS
IN SUCTION
PARTS
SUCTION PARTS MATERIAL THE WEAKEST ELEMENT
( LOST ELEMENT )

CARBON STEEL

CAST IRON CARBON

STIANLESS STEEL

BRONZ

BRASS
ZINC
 What is Cavitation Effect
1- CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
Impeller deterioration
Decrease discharge
pressure
Decrease pump flow rate
Increase vibration level
2- RECIPROCATING PUMPSBearings & M/S failure
Suction valve
Spring Rupture
deteriorations
Decrease discharge
pressure
Decrease pump flow
rate
Cylinder Head
Damage
 NPSH
1- NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD REQUIRED

YOU CAN GET FROM PUMP MANUAL

2- NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD AVAILABLE

YOU CAN CALCULATE FROM PUMP SITE

3- TO AVOID SUCTION CAVITATION

NPSHA > NPSHR

 What is the parameters affecting
NPSHA

SUCTION PIPE LENGTH

SUCTION PIPE DIAMETER
LIQUID SPECIFIC GRAVITY
INTERNAL SURFACE OF SUCTION PIPE
LIQUID SURFACE ALTITUDE
VAPOR CONTAMINATION
SUCTION PIPE LEAKS
SUCTION PRESSURE
LIQUID TEMPERATURE
LIQUID VISCOCITY
LIQUID VAPOR PRESURE
 How To Improve
NPSHA
Shorten The Suction Pipe
Increase Suction
Length
Pipe Size Suction
Decrease
Liquid Temp.
Decrease Suction Negative
Increase Suction Positive
Altitude
Altitude
Stop The Piping Suction
Leaks The
Renew
 PVS

NET POSITIVE (+) SUCTION HEAD

PS v Z

Z liquid surface height ft

PSV Vessel pressure psig
PS Pump suction pressure psig
V liquid velocity ft/sec
Pf Friction Pressure drop psi
Pa Atm. Pressure psi
Vp Vapor pressure psia
Sp.gr liquid specific gravity
hL Suction head loss ft
g 32.2 ft/sec.sec
NPSHA Is Not
Ps
• The Suction
Gauge Pressure

OR PVS

• Liquid Level In
The Suction Vessel
Z
 PVS

General Equation

Z
V

NPSHA = Z + V 2 + { (P vs +Pa) – Vp } 2.31 - hL

2g Sp.gr
 11
IF The Suction pressure
is known

Ps P sva
+ Z - hL
Sp.gr = Sp.gr

2
V { Psasva – Vp } 2.31
NPSHA = Z + 2g
+ - hL
Sp.gr
 22
If The Suction pressure
is known
PS
v

2
NPSHA = V { Psa – Vp } 2.31
+ ( ft )
2g Sp.gr
 Boiled
water

Positive
Reading E D
UR
PS
CC Z

O Z < hL
N
T IO
TA
VI
CA
 PS

PVS

O N Negative

TI Pressure

TA PS
VI
CA
NO ATMS
Z < 6m
 PS

FOR ANY TYPE OF PUMPS

Practically

- Z = 6 mt of water

ATMS

SUCTION NEGATIVE
ALTIDUDE NOT MORE THAN
6 METERS
 ATMOSPHERIC
PRESSURE
SPACE

76 Cm 10,033 mt
MERCURY OF WATER

ATMS ATMS
 Centrifugal Pumps Losses

Friction Loss
Eddy Loss
60

Leak Loss
THEORITICAL Heat Loss
50

H ft CURVE
40
30

ACTUAL
CURVE
20

Q g.p.m.
10

100 200 300 400 500

 WHAT IS VAPOR
PRESSURE

1
1 P
T P T

FIG-1 FIG-2

1- Heat up a little of water

in a pot up to boiling point
100 C ( valve 1 is opened)

2- Take off the heating source,

simultaneously close valve 1.
 Closed

T P Gauge

Cool Down

3- During cooling down, Start to record the P Gauge

relevant to T emp.
4- Apply Absolute pressure Equation .

P Absolute P gauge + 1
(bar)
 Vapor Pressure P Gauge + 1
( bar ) absolute

5- Record the Absolute Liquid vapor

pressure.

Temp C 100 95 90 80 70 15
P Gauge 0 - 0.1 - 0.3 - 0.5 - 0.7 - 0.98
0.5
Vapor Pressure 1 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.02
 Examples

Crude oil level is 8 feet above center line

of a pump , Vessel pressure is Atmospheric
Vp is 4 psia Sp gr. is 0.8
Friction loss : 12 ft of liquid
Atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psia ( Neglect velocity head (

{ (Psv + Pa) – Vp } 2.31

Solution NPSHA = Z + - hL
Sp.gr
{ (0 +14.7 ) – 4 } 2.31
= 8 + - 12
0.8
= 8+ 31 - 12

= + 27 ( ft )
Compare with NPSHR
 PUMPS AFFINITY
LAWS
IF THE PUMP SPEED CHANGES FROM
N1 TO N2 Q2 N2
THE FLOW RATE WILL BE
Q1 N1

2
P2 N2
THE DISCH PRESS. WILL BE
P1 N1
3
HP2 N2
THE HORSEPWER WILL BE
HP1 N1
 Exercise

• Find the flow rate, head and power for a centrifugal pump that has increased
its speed N1 = 1000 rpm TO N2 = 1100 rpm
• Given data:
HP1 = 123 kW H1 = 100 m Q1 = 1
m3/s
n2 1100
Q2   Q1  1  1,1 m 3 s
n1 1000

2 2
 n2   1100 
H2  
n 
  H 1    100  121 m
 1   1000 

3 3
 n2   1100 
HP2  
n 
  HP1    123  164 kW
 1   1000 
 PUMPS
AFFINITY LAWS
Initial N1 OR D1 1000
New N2 OR D2 1500

Initial Q1 Flow rate 120

Initial P1 Pressure 10
Initial HP1 Horse power 100

New Q2 Flow rate 180

New P2 Pressure 23
New HP2 Horse power 338
N = PUMP RPM
D = PUMP IMPELLER DIAMETER
ROTARY
PUMPS
 Rotary Pumps

• Rotary pumps provide constant flow over

varying pressures
 Flow is directly proportional to speed.
• Rotary pumps can handle solids (e.g., cherries
and olives), slurries, and a variety of liquids. If
wetted, they offer self-priming performance.
• They also offer continuous and intermittent
reversible flows and can operate dry for brief
periods of time.
• Flow is relatively independent of changes in process
pressure, too, so output is constant and continuous.
• As a general rule, rotary pumps require very little
maintenance.
• Rotary pumps deliver high pressure liquid without
the pulsations that occur in reciprocating pumps.
• Pressure relief should be installed in the discharge
line before the discharge valve. If the discharge
valve is inadvertently closed, excessively high
pressures could be produced, which could cause
damage to the pump or piping.
 Basic Features

• Gear pumps use close running clearances to:

– Seal suction from discharge pressure

– Enable self-priming
– Provide increasing volumetric efficiency with increasing
viscosity
Relief
Valve

Rotary pumps
 External Gear Pump
• External gear pumps are a popular pumping
principle and are often used as lubrication pumps
in machine tools, in fluid power transfer units, and
as oil pumps in engines.
• External gear pumps can come in single or double
(two sets of gears) pump configurations with spur,
helical, and herringbone gears.
• External gear pumps have close tolerances and
shaft support on both sides of the gears.
• This allows them to run to pressures beyond 200
BAR, making them well suited for use in hydraulics.
 External Gear Pump
• With four bearings in the liquid and tight tolerances,
they are not well suited to handling abrasive or extreme
high temperature applications.
• Tighter internal clearances provide for a more reliable
measure of liquid passing through a pump and for
greater flow control.
• Because of this, external gear pumps are popular for
precise transfer and metering applications involving
polymers, fuels, and chemical additives.
External Gear Pump
Rotary Vane Pump

Discharge

Suction
Rotary Vane Pump
 ROTARY
ROTARY
PUMPS
PUMPS
External Gear

THE FLUID IS TRAPPED BETWEEN ROTOR AND CASING

THREE
THREELOBE
LOBE
PUMPS
PUMPS
Rotary Twin-lobe Pump
TWO
TWOLOBE
LOBE
PUMPS
PUMPS
Diaphragm pump
Internal Gear
Driving rotor Crest
 TIMING
TIMING GEAR
GEAR

R
EA
GEAR PUMP

G
G
IN
M
TI
 TIMING
TIMINGGEAR
GEARFUNCTION
FUNCTION

1-
1-TRANSMIT
TRANSMITMOTION
MOTION
TO
TOOTHER
OTHERROTOR
ROTOR

2-
2-KEEPS
KEEPSNO
NOCONTACT
CONTACT
BETWEEN
BETWEENROTORS
ROTORS

3-
3-PREVENT
PREVENTWEAR
WEAR
BETWEEN
BETWEENROTORS
ROTORS
Multiple-screw
double-end arrangement
RECIPROCATING
PUMPS
Reciprocating Pump
Piston
 Reciprocating Pump

PRESSURE
RINGS
RIDER
RINGS
 Reciprocating Pump
P Pulsation Dampener Piston

REDUCE PRESSURE FLUCTUATION

1/3 of the accumulator

Filled with Nitrogen

Accumulator Relief
Valve
Q

KEEP ENOUGH QUANTITY IN SUCTION

 Reciprocating Pump
THROAT BUSH
PACKING Plunger
LANTERN RING
FOLLOWER
GLAND
 Single Plunger Pump

PRESSURE

Bar
10 20 30 40

T time
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Reciprocating Pump
Duplex Pump
 Reciprocating Pump
Duplex Pump
PRESSURE

Mean discharge pressure

Bar
10 20 30 40

T time
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Triplex Pump
 Triplex Pump

Bar
Mean discharge pressure
10 20 30 40

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 T time
Reciprocating Pump
Vacuum Pump
 Vacuum Pump

OR

LIQUID RING
Compressors
Rotor with Fixed Vans
A

A Pump Cover Side View

Fill liquid volume According
to manual instruction

Side View
Side View
 This port is
Connected
Fill liquid volume According to pump
suction
to manual instruction

This port is connected

to pump discharge

Due to centrifugal force,

a liquid ring will be formed
 AFTER
ROTATION

Cooling water
ATMOSPHERE
VACUUM

HYDROCARBONES

GLYCOL
Seal Less Pumps
Seal Less Pumps
 Seal Less Pumps

Pump Electric motor

Coupling
 Seal Less Pumps
Outer magnet ring Secondary
pressure casing

Magnetic Field
Drive Pump, Liquid gap inner magnet
Separately Coupled. sheathing
Titan 130 Thrust Bearing
Radial Tilt-Pad Bearing
RADIAL
RADIALTILTING
TILTING PAD
PAD
BEARING
BEARING

CASING

SHAFT

Radial
Load
 Oil
OilWedge
Wedge
Oil squeeze
between
shaft and
bearing pad
forming a
Due to solid
Oil oil wedge
Surface
Tension,
And high
speed,
The Oil
adhere to
the shaft
Forming
an
Oil Ring
 Oil
OilWedge
Wedge

Oil Wedge Effect Friction Effect

Shaft
 RADIAL
RADIALTILTING
TILTING PAD
PAD
BEARING
BEARING

TILTING PAD
SHAFT

PIN

OIL

CASING

07/24/2024 BY- H. Hassan 170