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    Programming Concepts

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    2022-110024

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    Programming Concepts

    Uploaded by

    2022-110024
    5 views12 pages

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    Programming concepts

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5 views12 pages

    Programming Concepts

    Uploaded by

    2022-110024

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    PROGRAMMIN

    G CONCEPTS
    • Program Definition

    • Steps in Program Development

    • Algorith

    • Flowchart

    • Basics Symbols in Flowchart

    Topics • Guidelines for preparing a flowchart

    • Flowchart Sample

    • Flowchart Problems

    • Variables and Operators

    • Registers

    • Sample Problems using registers

    • Work examples and eercises


    Programming
    Definition
    The program is prepared by planning a task and expressing it
    accordingly by using computer language. It is also software that
    helps to create, edit, and save a document or a file on your
    computer. there are many other programming languages, which
    can be used to write computer programs and this is one of the
    examples: Java, C, C++, Python, PHP, Perl, juby and etc.
    6 STEPS OF PROGRAM
    DEVELOPMENT
    DEFINING & ANALYZING THE
    PROBLEM
    The user needs to know the problem and find a possible
    solution on how to solve the problem.

    DESIGNING THE ALGORITHM


    This helps provide the most effective solution for a problem. we
    must also adopt or learn different strategies to provide workable
    solutions for all kinds of problems.

    CODING OR WRITING THE PROGRAM


    Coding is a technique to tell the computer how to behave in
    general. The correct and exact actions that need to be taken and
    how to do them effectively and efficiently.

    TEST EXECUTION
    It is the process of implementing testing on any software that
    is carried out by an independent team. This is good for large
    program projects.
    6 STEPS OF PROGRAM
    DEVELOPMENT
    DEBUGGING
    The process of identifying errors or bugs in a program and also
    fixing the identified bugs.

    FINAL DOCUMENTATION
    The result of the program When the program is finished, it helps
    the user how to use the program most efficiently and easily.
    ALGORITHM
    An algorithm is a sequence of steps that must be carried out before a programmer starts
    preparing his program. The programmer designs an algorithm to help visualize possible
    alternatives in a program also. Algorithms work by breaking down complex problems into
    smaller, more manageable steps and providing a systematic approach to solving them. By
    following a structured design process and implementing the algorithm correctly, it's possible to
    create efficient and reliable solutions to a wide range of problems in programming and beyond.

    Algorithms work by breaking down complex problems into manageable


    steps, providing a systematic approach to solving them. A programmer
    can use these algorithms to create efficient and reliable solutions to a wide
    range of problems.

    I’ll give u some real life examples for u to understand algorithm.


    Example of an algorithm
    1. Gather Ingredients:
    in making a peanut butter Retrieve two slices of bread, peanut butter, and a
    sandwich knife or spoon.
    2. Prepare Bread:
    Place the two slices of bread on a clean surface.
    3. Spread Peanut Butter:
    Using the knife or spoon, scoop out a desired amount of
    peanut butter and spread it evenly on one slice of bread.

    4. Combine Slices:
    Place the slice of bread with peanut butter on top,
    creating a sandwich.
    5. Cut and Serve (Optional):
    If desired, cut the sandwich diagonally or into halves. Serve
    the sandwich on a plate or wrap it for later consumption.
    FLOWCHART

    A flowchart is a useful representation for complex programs,


    providing a visual representation of the program's functionality
    and facilitating easy understanding and comprehension.
    Basic symbols of Flowchart Back to Agenda Page

    Terminator
    Used to represent the start and in the end of the program with the keyboards BEGIN and END.
    Process
    An instruction that is carried by the program
    Arrow
    Indicates the algorithm pathways
    Decision
    Used to split the flowchart sequences into multiple path in order to represent selection and repetition.

    Input/Output
    Used to represent the data entry by a user or the display of data by the program.
    Subprogram
    References another program within the program
    Manual Input Symbol
    Represents a step where a user is prompted to enter information manually.
    Guidlines for preparing a
    Flowchart
    • Step 1:
    The Start block is always first.
    • Step 2:
    The program begins with number 1.
    • Step 3:
    The number 2 will be added to 1 so that the
    program will continue to count by odd numbers.
    • Step 4:
    Add a decision block so that the program will
    continue counting until the value is greater than 9.
    • Step 5:
    Once the number is greater than 9, the program
    ends.
    Flowchart Problem And Sample
    Q1. Add 10 and 20 To solve this problem we will take a
    variable sum and set it to zero. Then we will take the
    two numbers 10 and 20 as input. Next we will add both
    the numbers and save the result in the variable sum i.e.,
    sum = 10 + 20. Finally, we will print the value stored in
    the variable sum.

    Algorithm (in simple English)


    ●Initialize sum = 0 (PROCESS)
    ●Enter the numbers (I/O)
    ●Add them and store the result in sum (PROCESS)
    ●Print sum (I/O)
    Q2. Draw a flowchart to log in to facebook account. This problem can be solved in many
    ways so, we will encourage you to think and draw a flowchart for this problem using your
    imagination.

    Algorithm (in simple English)


    ●Enter www.facebook.com in your browser.
    (I/O)
    ●facebook Home page loads (PROCESS)
    ●Enter your Email ID and Password (I/O)
    ●Is Email ID and Password Valid (DECISION)
    ●if NO then
    ●Log in error (PROCESS)
    ●go to step 3
    ●Display facebook Account (I/O)
    ●Stop

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