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    Parallelism

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    Asifa Bhutto

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Parallelism

    Uploaded by

    Asifa Bhutto
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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5 views11 pages

    Parallelism

    Uploaded by

    Asifa Bhutto

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    PARALLELISM

    Subject : English
    PARALLEL STRUCTURE

     Parallel structure
     Using the same pattern of words to show that 2 or more
    ideas are equally important.
     Applies to words, phrases, or clauses.
     Usually use coordinating conjunctions ("and,” "or”) to
    join parallel structures.
     Words and phrases within a sentence should not only
    match in structure, but also in tense.
    PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH ING
    ENDINGS.

     Parallel with the -ing form (gerund) of verbs:


    Correct examples:
     Mano likes reading, writing, and listeninig activities.
     We enjoy relaxing and sitting out in the sun.

     Mano likes read, writing, and listen.

     We enjoy relaxing and to sit out in the sun.


    PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH
    INFINITIVES

     Parallel with infinitive verb phrases:


     CORRECT EXAMPLES:
     Mano likes to write, to read, and to listen.
     Mano likes to write, read, and listen .
     She likes to dance and to sing songs

    INCORRECT EXAPMLES
     She likes dancing and to sing songs .
     Mary likes to write , to read and listen .
     Note: Use "to" before all the verbs in a sentence or only before the first
    one.
    PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH
    COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
     Parallel structure should be used when you connect
    clauses with a coordinating conjunction.
     Such as : for, and, nor, or, but, or yet in a sentence.

    CORRECT EXAMPLES:
    Every morning , we make our bed, eat breakfast and
    feed the dog.
    I will not sing a song , nor will I dance

    Every morning , we make our bed, eating breakfast and


    feed the dog. ( Incorrect)
    I will not sing, nor dance.
    PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH
    CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
     Parallel structure is also used with correlative
    conjunctions, such as either…or, neither …..nor, not
    only…. but also.
    CORRECT EXAMPLES:
    They argued not only about the article but also about the
    review

    Either she likes to see him or she does not like to see him
    PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH CLAUSES
    Correct examples
    1. The teacher told them that they needed to study and
    that they should practice their words every night.

    2. My parents said get a good education and do not settle


    for less.
    incorrect examples
    the teacher told them to study and that they should
    practice their words every night.
    this sentence should either include that they in both the
    clauses or should include the word said
    PARALLEL STRUCTURE IN VERB TENSE
     Keep in mind that parallel structure should be used when
    it comes to verb tense. Verb tenses should always match.
     EXAMPLES

    She wrote a letter and mailed it to the school.

    Yesterday we watched a movie, played video games and


    made pizza.

     She write a letter and mailed it to the school. (incorrect)


    PARALLEL STRUCTURE IN LISTS WITH
    COLONS
    When you have items on a list following colon, the items
    should all be in the same form in order to avoid a parallel
    structure error.
    CORRECT EXAMPLES :
    The following activities can be done at mall: buying
    groceries, eating lunch, and paying bills.

    In your bedroom, you will find the following: a bed, a


    closet, and a desk
    PARALLEL STRUCTURE OTHER THAN
    COLON
    CORRECT EXAMPLES
    Mary wanted to make sure that she made her presentation
    creatively, effectively, and persuasively.

    Tim was considered to be a good employee because he


    was always on time, he was very motivated and he was a
    good leader.
    ACTIVITY
     Which sentences show parallel structure?

    1. Dino does not like to sing, dance, or acting.


    2. Dino does not like singing, dancing, or acting.

    3. The production manager was asked to write his report quickly,


    accurately, and thoroughly.
    4. The production manager was asked to write his report quickly,
    accurately, and in a detailed manner.

    5. Aldus was a poor student because he waited until the last minute to
    study, completed his lab problems carelessly, and lacked motivation.
    6. Aldus was a poor student because he waited until the last minute to
    study, was always completing his lab problems carelessly, and his
    motivation was low.

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