PURPOSIVE

COMMUNICATION (ENGL01G)
WEEK 2

RUBIELEN O. SORIANO, LPT

2.1 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION

com·mu·ni·ca·tion

/kəˌmyo͞ onəˈkāSH(ə)n/

Disclaimer: all photos used is credited to the rightful

owner

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

COMMUNICATION is an infinite
process of:

- meaning-making
-exchange of information
-sharing of ideas
 2.1 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION

-is imparting or exchanging information or news.

-means of sending or receiving information such as phone lines or computers.

- a process by which individuals exchange information through a standard system of symbols, signs,
or behavior.
2.1.2 The Verbal and Non–Verbal Communication
2.1.3 The Process of
Communication
 2.1.3 The Process of Communication
• Sender/Encoder- This is the person that is delivering a message to a recipient.

- the person who is trying to communicate a message.

- the individual who initiates a message and is also called the communicator or source of
communication

• Receiver/ Decoder- The receiver is the person who is getting or receiving the message.

• Message- refers to the information that the sender is relaying to the receiver.

• Channel- This is the transmission or method of delivering the message. i.e. in-person, documents, e-mails,
instant messaging platforms, video conferences, phone calls social media.
• Feedback- In some instances, the receiver might have feedback or a response for the sender. This starts an
interaction.
 2.1.3 The Process of Communication
• Noise- any barrier preventing an effective communication process.

1. Physical noise. Physical noise is interference external to both speaker and listener; it hampers the
physical transmission of the signal or message.

2. Physiological noise. Physiological noise is created by barriers within the sender or receiver.
3. Psychological noise. Psychological noise is mental interference in the speaker or listener.
4. Semantic noise. Semantic noise is interference created when the speaker and listener have
different meaning systems.
 2.1.3 The Process of Communication
• Context- the surroundings, circumstances, environment, background, or settings that determine, specify, or
clarify the meaning of an event or other occurrence.

1. Intrapersonal communication “self-talk.”

2. Interpersonal communication normally involves two people.

3. Group communication is a dynamic process where a small number of people.

4. Public communication, one person speaks to a group of people;

5. Mass communication involves sending a single message to a group. It allows us to communicate our message to a
large number of people, but we are limited in our ability to tailor our message to specific audiences, groups, or
individuals.
The 7 C’s of Communication
 7C’s of Communication
• Clear/ Clarity- the content of the communication is itself clear.
-avoid jargon, use simple language, use simple structures, and focus on the core points of your
message.
• Correct/ Correctness- factual information and the language and grammar you use in communication are
correct.
• Complete/ Completeness- When creating a message, it’s essential to give the recipient all of the information
they need to follow your line of reasoning and reach the same conclusions you have.
• Concrete/ Concreteness- Your arguments should be based on solid facts and opinions from credible sources,
and you should share irrefutable data to support your argument.
• Concise/Conciseness- When communicating messages of this nature, it’s important to stick to the point and
keep your messages short and simple.
• Courteous/ Courteousness- Your messages should be friendly, professional, considerate, respectful, open,
and honest.
• Considered & Coherent- To help make sure your communications are considered coherent, you should have
a logical flow and your style, tone, and language should be consistent throughout.
 2.1.5 Importance of Communication
1) The ability to effectively communicate
with others is one of the most essential
tools for professional and personal
success.
2) Effective communication can help you
inspire and influence others.
3) Your capacity to communicate is often
seen as an indicator of your ability and
intelligence.
4) Communication solves problems and can
make the world a smaller place to live in!
Disclaimer: photos are credited to the rightful owner
 2.2 Mistakes in Communication

• 2.2.1 The Do’s and Don'ts in Communication

1. Crossing our arms and leaning back

Crossing our arms and leaning back in your chair conveys a message of defensiveness or disinterest, while
leaning forward and touching someone on the shoulder says, “I hear you. I’m listening. What you’re saying
is important to me.”

2. Speaking loudly and quickly

Almost as important as good body language is the tone with which we say something. If you’re rushing through
your words or shouting something in an angry voice, you’re likely to solicit a defensive response. Even a subtle
inflection can influence how your message is perceived. Conversely, if you speak slowly and deliberately,
even a delicate issue can be discussed in a way that leads to a deeper understanding.
 2.2 Mistakes in Communication
• 2.2.1 The Do’s and Don'ts in Communication

3. Bringing up the past

There are times when revisiting the past is warranted. However, in general, rehashing history is going to set a
defensive tone and sabotage efforts to communicate effectively. Whenever possible, try to focus on present
concerns, observations, and feelings and resist the temptation to migrate backward to make a point.

4. Defending our feelings

Feelings are neither right nor wrong, so you need not defend yours. Doing so adds a layer of tension or conflict
to the conversation. Effective communication involves two people honestly and openly sharing what they are
feeling, using a thesaurus of adjectives or descriptive phrases — including colors, sounds, senses, and
metaphors — to articulate feelings as clearly as possible.
 2.2 Mistakes in Communication
• 2.2.1 The Do’s and Don'ts in Communication

5. Judging another’s feelings

Just as defending our feelings does little to foster meaningful communication, so too does attach judgment to
the other person’s feelings. Statements such as, “I don’t know why you feel that way,” or “That’s ridiculous,”
are sure ways to shut down a conversation and close the door to honest dialogue. Even if you think a person’s
feeling does not make sense or regard it as untrue, it’s not your place to question one’s perception. Listen and
ask a person why he or she feels that way.

6. Interrupting another person. You think you know what your partner or sister or colleague is telling you, so
you end her sentence for her. Her words jog a thought, so you interject with feedback. Even well-intentioned
enthusiasm is rude. Let her finish. Your job is to make her feel as though you value what she has to say. By
interrupting with your two cents — even if it’s brilliant advice — you undermine her efforts at communication.
 2.2 Mistakes in Communication
• 2.2.1 The Do’s and Don'ts in Communication

7. Ignoring the other person. There’s blatant ignoring … walking into another room while someone is talking.
And there is subtly ignoring — checking your phone, watching TV, or reviewing work notes while someone is
talking. While sometimes you need to multitask and talk at the same time — prepare dinner, drive, feed a baby
— you should make every attempt to actively listen to the person in front of you or on the other end of the
phone.

8. Blaming someone for our feelings. People, places, and things can trigger feelings, but they don’t cause
them. We need always take accountability for the way we feel. For example, if your spouse of 30 years suddenly
leaves you, it is understandable if you are disillusioned and hurt. While it’s fair to say that your ex triggered
such feelings, you own them. Effective communication resists the temptation to blame someone else for your
feelings.
 2.2 Mistakes in Communication
• 2.2.1 The Do’s and Don'ts in Communication

9. Manipulation. Honest and open dialogue happens without agenda. The moment we try to steer the
conversation in a specific direction to get desired results, we let manipulation take precedence over effective
communication. Even if our intentions are subconscious, they build walls and erode trust. The best
communication happens when both parties drop their wish list and listen and respond lovingly.
 2.2.3 Proper Handling, Ethics, and Decorum in Communication

• Proper Handling of Conflicts in Communications

1. Address issues immediately and openly.

2. Set clear expectations.
3. Build active listening skills.
4. Use neutral terms and open body language.
5. Recognize and respect personal differences.
 2.2.3 Proper Handling, Ethics, and Decorum in Communication

• Proper Ethics and Decorum in Communications

1. Honesty. To ensure your communications are consistently honest, stick to the facts.

2. Openness. Be transparent about every aspect of their business, even if the news is negative.

3. Clarity. Communications need to be as clear and concise as possible.

4. Respect. Be mindful of the diverse identities of your intended audience and how they might interpret your
message.
 References:

Al-Nady, Bahaa & Alhawary, Sulieman & Alolayyan, Main. (2016). The role of time, communication, and cost management on project management
success: An empirical study on sample of construction projects customers in Makkah City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. International Journal of
Services and Operations Management. 23. 76-112. 10.1504/IJSOM.2016.073293.
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Communication-process-combined-by-Al-Nady-et-al-2013-see-online-version-for-colours_fig4_286855318
basu.org.(2017). Practical 2: Verbal
://basu.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Verbal-and-non-verbal-communication.pdf and Non-verbal communication.https

Little Flower College (2017).Verbal and Non-verbal Communication

https://littleflowercollege.edu.in/upload/pdf_upload/c585b42ccfd5e5df5cd36d570e23aa45.pdf
World of Work Project, (n.d).The 7 C’s of communication. https://worldofwork.io/2019/07/the-7-cs-of-communication/
North Dakota State University,(n.d).
https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/staffsenate/Staff_Development/EFFECTIVE_COMMUNICATION_-_Staff_Senate.pptx.
PsychCentral , (2019). 9 Communication errors and how to fix them.https
://psychcentral.com/blog/9-common-communication-errors-and-how-to-fix-them#3
Kiely Kuligowski, (2023). Workplace conflicts? 5 tips to improve communication.
https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/8766-resolving-workplace-conflicts.html
LHT Learning, (2022). Ethical Communication and Its Importance: A Simple Guide.
https://www.lhtlearning.com/importance-of-ethical-communication/
Choukimath, Puttaraj. (2006). Role of Etiquette and Manners in Communication. 10.13140/2.1.1064.9601.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267477806_Role_of_Etiquette_and_Manners_in_Communication/citation/
Jason E. Norris , (2016). 4 Types of noise that can disrupt communication. https://onthego.fm/4-types-noise-disrupt-communication
Communication in Context. https://open.lib.umn.edu/businesscommunication/chapter/1-3-communication-in-context/