Mooring

MOORING
OPEN MOOR
• The open moor is used extensively when additional holding power is required. It would be employed
when a single anchor would not provide enough weight to hold the vessel and prevent the ship from
dragging, in a non-tidal water.
• When a vessel is anchored with both anchors leading
ahead, she is said to be on open moor. Supposing a vessel
is lying to a single anchor dead ahead and with a stress in
her cable of (T) tonnes. If she had two anchors leading dead
ahead the stress in each would be (0.5T) tonnes. When the
angle between the cables becomes (120°), i.e. with each
anchor about 5.5 points on the bow, the stress in each
cable becomes (T) tonnes. This value increases to 2T and 3T
as the angle becomes 150° and 160° respectively.
When the angle exceeds the safe limit of 120 degrees
she is commencing to ride to a tight span.
COMING TO OPEN MOOR
• The vessel is headed into the anchorage with the wind or
current on one bow in order to assist counteraction of lee
drift. The weather anchor (or upstream anchor) is let go on
the run (1), and headway continued for roughly one third
(1/3) of the final length of cable. The second anchor is let go
and the first one snubbed at the gypsy. As the vessel brings-
to on her weather cable, it gradually grows taut to windward,
snubbing the bows round (2). If the engines are then worked
ahead, using weather helm, so as to keep the cables taut (the
second cable is checked soon after the anchor is let go) the
bows will develop a rapid swing into the stream or wind. By
keeping a little ahead of her anchors (3), so that both cables
grow slightly aft, the maneuver is accelerate. When heading
into the wind or stream, both cables are veered (the second
one only, for a short while) and the vessel brings-to in
position (4). The reason for veering the second one by itself
while dropping back initially is to middle the ship between
her anchors. By laying out one-third of the length between
the anchors, each finally lies a point on the bow.
Advantage and Disadvantage of Mediterranean moor
• The advantage are:
1. That more vessel can berth with restricted quay space.
2. Cargo ships can work both port and starboard side into barges.
3. Tanker vessel can load/discharge through stern manifolds if fitted.
4. Roll on- Roll off (Ro-Ro) vessel can operate stern ramps.
• The disadvantage are:
1. The vessel is exposed from the shore.
2. Cargo ships are denied the use of shore side cranes.
3. Loading and discharge must take place into barges.
4. A boat is required to go ashore..
Running moor
• Speed over the ground should be 4–5 knots.
Let go the weather anchor, so that the vessel
will be blown down from the anchor cable
before she reaches the desired position.
• Continue to make headway, paying out the
cable of the anchor which has been let go.
Continue to pay out the cable up to eight or
nine shackles, depending on the amount of
cable carried aboard and the depth of water.
The vessel will overrun the desired mooring
position.
• The vessel should start to drop astern as the
engines are stopped. Let Go the lee anchor
and pay out the cable. Start heaving away on
the Weather anchor cable to bring the vessel
up between the two anchors. The vessel may
require an astern movement on the engines
to begin drawing astern.
Standing moor
• In comparison the standing moor the ship’s machinery is running and operational
throughout the maneuver. In the standing moor the vessel’s machinery could well
be out of action, standing still, while the vessel drops astern with the tidal stream.
• A standing moor is sometimes preferred to a running moor when the tidal stream
is very strong.
• The standing moor in theory, could also be carried out by just allowing the tidal
stream and the windlass to do the work, if the vessel was without engine power.
• The main danger of mooring with two anchors is the possibility of causing a foul
hawse when the vessel swings with the turn of the tide. To reduce this most
undesirable condition the Royal Navy tends to use a mooring swivel, joining the
two cables. Merchant vessels would not generally carry such a swivel, unless it is
intended to secure the vessel to a semi-permanent mooring over an indefinite
period of time.
Standing moor
• The vessel should be head to tide, stopped over the
ground. Sternway should be gathered either by the
tidal stream or operating astern propulsion. Let go the
lee anchor (riding cable) and allow the vessel to drop
astern. Pay out the anchor cable as sternway is
gathered, up to 8–9 shackles, depending on the
amount of cable carried aboard and the depth of
water.
• Take the sternway off the vessel by use of engines
ahead and checking on the weight of the cable. Order
maximum helm away from the released anchor, and
engines ahead to cant the vessel before letting go the
weather anchor (sleeping cable).The mariner should
continue to use engines ahead or astern as necessary
to ease the weight on the windlass as the vessel
heaves on the riding cable.
• 3. Continue to heave on the riding cable and pay out
the sleeping cable until the vessel is brought up
• A standing moor is sometimes preferred to a
running moor when the tidal stream is very strong.
• The standing moor in theory, could also be carried
out by just allowing the tidal stream and the
windlass to do the work, if the vessel was without
engine power.
Baltic Moor
• Maneuver the vessel to a distance off the berth
of two or three shackles of cable. This distance
will vary with the wind force and expected
weather.
• Let go the offshore (starboard) anchor. The
weight of the anchor and cable will cause the
sail twine securing on the mooring wire to part,
and as the cable pays out, so will the stern
mooring wire.
• Let the wind push the vessel alongside, while
you pay out the cable and the stern wire evenly
together.
• Use ship’s fenders along the side between the
vessel and the berth, then pass head and stern
lines as soon as practical.
• Secure head and stern lines on the bitts before taking the weight on the anchor
cable and the stern mooring wire. This tends to harden up the inshore (port)
moorings.
Advantage of the Baltic moor
• When the vessel comes to let go and depart the port, unless she is fitted with
bow thrust units, the Master may encounter difficulties in clearing the berth.
However, heaving on the anchor cable and on the stern mooring will allow the
vessel to be bodily drawn off the berth. Once clear of the berth, full use can be
made of engines and helm to get under way.
• The main disadvantage of this moor is that time is required to let the stern
mooring go from anchor/cable. To this end the size of shackle used and the
possibility of allowing it to pass up the hawse pipe are critical factors. Alternatives
are to find a lee for the vessel for the purpose of disengaging the stern mooring.

Mooring

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MOORING

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