Partionofindia

PLEASE BE SERIOUS WITH SWINE FLU
GURU NANAK COLLEGE

OF ARTS,SCIENCE &
COMMERCE
F.Y.BMM
GROUP MEMBERS
SUMIT
AMEESH
MILAN VALMIKI
IZAZ ANSARI
SUDHIR
INTRODUCTION
Two self governing countries legally came into existence at the stroke of
midnight on 15 August 1947. The ceremonies for the transfer of power were
held a day earlier in Karachi, at the time the capital of the new state of
Pakistan, so that the last British Viceroy, Lord Mountbatten of Burma, could
attend both the ceremony in Karachi and the ceremony in Delhi. However
another reason for this arrangement was to avoid the appearance that Pakistan
was seceding from a sovereign India. Therefore Pakistan celebrates
Independence Day on August 14, while India celebrates it on August 15.
PARTION OF INDIA
BACKGROUND
1920-1932
ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE
 The All India Muslim League (AIML) was formed in Dhaka in 1906 by Muslims who were
suspicious of the Hindu-majority Indian National Congress. They complained that Muslim
members did not have the same rights as Hindu members.
 The Allama Iqbal was the writer/philosopher who make demand for a separate state, in his
presidential address to the 1930 convention of the Muslim League said that a separate nation
for Muslims was essential in an otherwise Hindu-dominated subcontinent. The Sindh
Assembly passed a resolution making it a demand in 1935.
 Iqbal, Jouhar and others then worked hard to draft Mohammad Ali Jinnah, who had till then
worked for Hindu-Muslim unity, to lead the movement for this new nation. By 1930, Jinnah
had begun to despair of the fate of minority communities in a united India and had begun to
argue that mainstream parties such as the Congress, of which he was once a member, were
insensitive to Muslim interests. The 1932 communal award which seemed to threaten the
position of Muslims in Hindu-majority provinces catalysed the resurgence of the Muslim
League, with Jinnah as its leader. However, the League did not do well in the 1937 provincial
elections, demonstrating the hold of the conservative and local forces at the time.
THE BUILDING STAGE
1932-1942
M.A.Jinnah’s statement in 1940.
Veer Savarkar and Hindu Mahasabha.
Gandhiji’s perspective on partition.
Direct Action Day in Calcutta in year 1946.

1942-1946
JINNAH’S REAL VISION
Jinnah intended to gain more independence for
Muslim’s.
Jinnah’s real vision was for extended Pakistan.
The Princely states.
British Colonial administration-Secretary of state for

India, India Office, Governor-General of India, Indian
Civil Service.
INDIAN POLITICAL PARTIES
All India Muslim League,
Communist Party of India,
Hindu Mahasabha,
Indian National Congress,
Khaksar Tehrik,
Unionist Muslim League(mainly in Punjab).
PARTITI
ON
1947
JUNE 3rd, PLAN OR MOUNTBATTEN
PLAN
The Radcliffe Line-named after Sir Cyril Radcliffe.

July 18, 1947-Indian Independence Act.
Government of India Act 1935.
Membership in United Nations-(India since 1945 as
Successor state).
The 625 Princely state.
THE RADCLIFFE LINE
It was named after Sir Cyril Radcliffe.
Punjab and Bengal commission consisted of two

muslim and non muslim judges each, with Sir Cyril
Radcliffe as chair
Punjab was divided on the basis of Muslims and non-

Muslims.
PUNJA
B
INDEPENDENCE AND POPULATION
EXCHANGE
Massive population exchanges.
Near about 14.5 million people crossed the border.
Acc. To 1951 census 7,226,000 Muslims And 7,249,000

Hindus & Sikhs moved.
11.2 million or 78% population exchange in west.

5.3 million Muslims moved from Ind to Pak.
3.2 million Hindus & Sikhs moved from Pak to Ind.
Governments were unequipped.
Massive violence & slaughter occurred.
Death range nearly 5,00,000.

State of Punjab was created in 1947.
Violence between Hindus & Muslims.
Lahore & Amritsar.
Lahore, Rawalpindi, Multan, had large Sikh

population & was attacked by Muslims.
Amritsar, Ludhiana & Gurdaspur were attacked by

Sikhs.
BENGA
L
Bengal was divided into East Bengal & West Bengal.
West Bengal to India & East Bengal to Pakistan.
East Bengal renamed East Pakistan in 1955.
Later became independent as Bangladesh after the

Bangladesh Liberation war of 1971.
PERSPECTIVES
Lord Mountbatten accused of rushing the process.
Complete breakdown of Law & Order.
Historian Lawrence James concurs that in 1947

Mountbatten was left with no option but to cut and
run.
DELHI-PUNJABI REFUGEES
25 million Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs crossed the
borders.
12 million were forced to move from Punjab & North
Western Frontier Province following the Rawalpindi
violence.
Delhi received the largest number of refugees.
From 1941-1951 population grew 1 million to 2 million
in Delhi.
refugees were housed in historical and
military locations.
Camp sites were later converted into

permanent housing.
Schemes were provided for the refugees.

REFUGEES SETELED IN INDIA
Hindus from East Pakistan settled
across Eastern India.
Many end up in West Bengal, Assam &
Tripura.
Some were sent to Andaman Islands.
Refugee camps were set up for Hindu
Sindhis.
.
Photo of a railway station in Punjab.
A refugee train on its way to Punjab, Pakistan

REFUGEES SETTLED IN PAKISTAN
7,226,000 Muslims came to Pakistan from India.
refugees settled in Punjab Pakistan came from Indian

Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir &
Rajasthan.
Refugees in Sindh came from, Uttar

Pradesh,Bihar,Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat & Rajasthan
via Wahga & Munabao border.
Train to Pakistan steaming out of New Delhi
Railway Station, 1947
People who wished to go to India were
visited by M.A.Jinnah.
In Karachi population grew from

400,000 in 1947urnedmore than 1.3
millions in 1953.
PHOTO GALLERY
Old Fort
(Purana Qila)
in Delhi
Muslim refugees
waiting to be
transported to
Pakistan.
Manchester
Guardian, 27
September 1947.
a young refugee sits on the walls of
Purana Qila
Two Muslim men carrying an old
woman in a makeshift doli or
palanquin 1947.
Click icon
to add pic
ture
Muslim couple and their grand children

sitting by the roadside
Viceroy Lord Mountbatten of Burma
with a countdown calendar to the
Transfer of Power in the background
Rural Sikhs in a long ox-cart train
headed towards India 1947.
An old Sikh man carrying his wife
Train to Pakistan being given a
warm send-off New Delhi railway
station, 1947
The End

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PLEASE BE SERIOUS WITH SWINE FLU

GURU NANAK COLLEGE

Veer Savarkar and Hindu Mahasabha.

Gandhiji’s perspective on partition.

Direct Action Day in Calcutta in year 1946.

Jinnah’s real vision was for extended Pakistan.

The Princely states.

British Colonial administration-Secretary of state for

The Radcliffe Line-named after Sir Cyril Radcliffe.

Punjab and Bengal commission consisted of two

Punjab was divided on the basis of Muslims and non-

Near about 14.5 million people crossed the border.

Acc. To 1951 census 7,226,000 Muslims And 7,249,000

11.2 million or 78% population exchange in west.

3.2 million Hindus & Sikhs moved from Pak to Ind.

Governments were unequipped.

Massive violence & slaughter occurred.

Death range nearly 5,00,000.

Violence between Hindus & Muslims.

Lahore & Amritsar.

Lahore, Rawalpindi, Multan, had large Sikh

Amritsar, Ludhiana & Gurdaspur were attacked by

West Bengal to India & East Bengal to Pakistan.

East Bengal renamed East Pakistan in 1955.

Later became independent as Bangladesh after the

Complete breakdown of Law & Order.

Historian Lawrence James concurs that in 1947

Camp sites were later converted into

Schemes were provided for the refugees.

Photo of a railway station in Punjab.

A refugee train on its way to Punjab, Pakistan

refugees settled in Punjab Pakistan came from Indian

Refugees in Sindh came from, Uttar

In Karachi population grew from

Muslim couple and their grand children

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