Eln PPT Final

Megha shri
1RF23IS054
How does it works?
Single common channel
FDMA
• It uses frequency division multiplexing.
• Provides chunks of frequency spectrum to

each user for data transmission.
• Generally the data is generated at base

band & modulated at varying radio
frequency.
• Guard band are introduced to avoid any

interference.
user1 user2 user3 user4

TDMA
• It uses time division multiplexing.
• Allows user to share common frequency band

by allocating different time slots.
• For N number of channel, each channel has

given time slot of T seconds, signals coming
form each user will be taking interval of (N*T)
seconds.
• Was used in 2G system like GSM, EDGE etc.

CDMA
• Based on code division multiplexing
• Is a technique in which the data bits are

modulated by high frequency orthogonal
sequence of bits to spread signals over a
large frequency band.
OFDMA
• It uses orthogonal subcarriers equally
spaced at 15KHz.
• Users are provided a subset of these

subcarriers for data transmission.
• Unlike TDMA & FDMA, OFDMA allows the

user to access variable bandwidth
depending upon the resource availability.
• Since these are orthogonal there is not

band width.
DIGITAL MODULATION:
RADIO SIGNAL TRANSMISSION
-MRINAAL M HARIHAR
ISE D
1RF23IS058
WHAT IS DIGITAL MODULATION??
DIGITAL MODULATION ENCODES DIDGITAL DARE

ONTO A CARRIER WAVE WAVE FOR TRANSMISSION
WHAT IS ‘RADIO SIGNAL TRANSMISSION’??
THIS REFERS TO THE PROCESS OF SENDING INFORMATION

OR DATA OVER RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) WAVES THROUGH
AIR OR THROUGH SPACE.
THEY ARE WIDELY USED IN MANY AREAS LIKE :
1.BROADCASTING
2.TELECOMMUNICATIONS
3.NAVIGATION SYTEMS AND MORE
RADIO TRANSMISSION:
RADIO WAVES ARE A TYPE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
WITH VARYING WAVELENGTHS THAT TRAVEL AT THE SPEED
OF LIGHT THROUGH SPACE OR A MEDIUM
NEED FOR RADIO TRANSMISSION:

FOR EFFICIENT AND RELIABLE COMMUNICATION
DIGITAL MODULATION VS ANALOG MODULATION
NATURE OF SIGNAL: NATURE OF SIGNALS:

INVOLVES MODULATION OF INVOLVES MODULATION OF
DISCRETE DIGITAL SIGNALS CONTINUOUS WAVES
THE INFORMATION IS INFORMATION IS TRANSMITTED
TRANSMITTED BY BINARY DIGIT BY WAVE VARIATIONS
HIGH DATA SECURITY,FAST AM/FM BROADCASTING USE
SYSTEM ACCESS USE DIGITAL ANALOG MODULATION
ENABLES SMOOTH IT IS STILL USEFUL IN CERTAIN
CONNECTIONS TO NETWORKS CONTEXTS
THEY ARE MORE STRONGER THEY ARE MORE VULNERABLE
AGAINST NOISE INTERFERENCE TO NOICE INTERFERENCE
THEY ARE MAJORLY USED IN THEY ARE MAJORLY USED IN TV
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND AUDIO SIGNALS
DIGITAL MODULATION
SCHEMES
Presented By:
PT BHARGAVI
MODULATION
Modulation is the process by which some
characteristics of a carrier wave is
varied in accordance with a modulating
(message) signal.
DIGITAL MODULATION
Digital modulation is the process of encoding a
digital information signal into the amplitude, phase , or
frequency of the transmitted signal.
TYPES OF DIGITAL MODULATION SCHEMES:
Digital
Modulation
Amplitude
Frequency Shift Phase Shift
Shift Keying
Keying(FSK) Keying(PSK)
(ASK)
AMPLITUDE SHIFT KEYING (ASK)
● Amplitude Shift Keying is the simplest digital modulation

technique.
● ASK represents digital data as variations in the amplitude

of carrier wave.
● In this technique, the unit energy carrier is switched on or

off depending upon the input binary sequence.
Product Modulator
Digital Signal ASK Modulated
Signal
Block diagram of ASK
Sinusoidal carrier
A - Carrier Wave
B - Binary input sequence
C - ASK modulated wave

FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING (FSK)
● The simplest FSK is Binary FSK.
● Digital information is transmitted through discrete frequency

changes of a carrier signal.
● The phase remains constant and unaffected.
● This means we have two frequency signals according to the binary

symbols ‘1’ and ‘0’.
PHASE SHIFT KEYING (PSK)
● It is the most efficient scheme of the 3 digital modulation schemes.
● PSK is used for High Bit rates.
● In PSK, the phase of sinusoidal carrier is changed according to the

data bit to be transmitted.
● Each symbol (pattern of bits) is represented by a particular phase.

Block diagram of PSK
APPLICATIONS
ASK FSK PSK
• Home automation • Caller ID on • Wireless LAN’S

devices telephones • Local Oscillator
• Wireless base • Emergency • Optical
stations broadcast Communication
• Industrial network systems
devices • Modems
APPLICATIONS
ASK FSK PSK
• Home • Caller ID on • Wireless LAN’S

automation telephones • Local Oscillator
devices • Emergency • Optical
• Wireless base broadcast systems Communication
stations • Modems
• Industrial
network devices
APPLICATIONS
ASK FSK PSK
• Home • Caller ID on • Wireless LAN’S

automation telephones • Local Oscillator
devices • Emergency • Optical
• Wireless base broadcast Communication
stations systems
• Industrial • Modems
network devices
*THANK YOU*

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Megha shri

• Provides chunks of frequency spectrum to

• Generally the data is generated at base

• Guard band are introduced to avoid any

user1 user2 user3 user4

• Allows user to share common frequency band

• For N number of channel, each channel has

• Was used in 2G system like GSM, EDGE etc.

• Is a technique in which the data bits are

• Users are provided a subset of these

• Unlike TDMA & FDMA, OFDMA allows the

• Since these are orthogonal there is not

DIGITAL MODULATION ENCODES DIDGITAL DARE

THIS REFERS TO THE PROCESS OF SENDING INFORMATION

NEED FOR RADIO TRANSMISSION:

NATURE OF SIGNAL: NATURE OF SIGNALS:

● Amplitude Shift Keying is the simplest digital modulation

● ASK represents digital data as variations in the amplitude

● In this technique, the unit energy carrier is switched on or

B - Binary input sequence

C - ASK modulated wave

● Digital information is transmitted through discrete frequency

● The phase remains constant and unaffected.

● This means we have two frequency signals according to the binary

● PSK is used for High Bit rates.

● In PSK, the phase of sinusoidal carrier is changed according to the

● Each symbol (pattern of bits) is represented by a particular phase.

• Home automation • Caller ID on • Wireless LAN’S

• Home • Caller ID on • Wireless LAN’S

• Home • Caller ID on • Wireless LAN’S

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