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    Classification

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    micahcdavis12

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    Classification

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    micahcdavis12
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    Classification PPT

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    66 views17 pages

    Classification

    Uploaded by

    micahcdavis12

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    Biological Classification

    Group the following in any way


    you would like,
    but justify your grouping!
    • Frogs • Humans
    • Bears • Dolphins
    • Ants • Sharks
    • Spiders • Mushrooms
    • Bacteria • Pine Trees
    Why do we Classify?
    • Recognize similarities between living
    things (DNA, biomolecules, cells)
    • Group organisms according to those
    similarities

    • Taxonomy: the science of classifying


    organisms
    • Who created Taxonomy?
    –Aristotle was the first scientist to group organisms
    based on physical characteristics
    –Carolus Linnaeus (1707 – 1778) a Swedish
    botanist , came up with the current system.
    Classification Groups
    • The groups (largest to • A sentence to help
    smallest) you remember!
    – Domain – Dear
    – Kingdom – King
    – Phylum – Philip
    – Class – Came
    – Order – Over
    – Family – For
    – Genus – Good
    – Species – Soup
    Levels of Classification:
    The 3 Domains
    (based on cell type)
    Archaea

    The Five
    The Three Domains
    Kingdoms

    Eubacteria Eukaryota
    Levels of Classification:
    The 6 Kingdoms
    - Based on…
    - Cell type
    - Number of Cells
    - Mode of Feeding
    Final 7 Levels of Classification
    1 is Largest- 7 is Smallest

    1. Kingdom

    7. Species 2.Phylum

    7 Levels of
    Classification
    6. Genus 3. Class

    5. Family 4. Order
    Examples of Classification
    Common Pond Amoeba
    • DOMAIN: Eukaryota
    • KINGDOM: Protista
    • PHYLUM: Sarcomastigophora
    • CLASS: Sarcodina
    • ORDER: Granulopodea
    • FAMILY: Amoebidae
    • GENUS: Amoeba
    • SPECIES: Amoeba proteus
    Examples of Classification
    Humans
    • DOMAIN: Eukaryota (eukaryote cell)
    • KINGDOM: Animalia (animal cells, heterotroph)
    • PHYLUM: Chordata (all vertebrates)
    • CLASS: Mammalia (all mammals)
    • ORDER: Primata (all primates)
    • FAMILY: Hominidae (bipedal primates)
    • GENUS: Homo (humans and neanderthals)
    • SPECIES: Homo sapiens (humans only!)
    Extra Credit!
    • For ten points extra credit, write out the full
    classification of a living organism of your
    choice on a piece of paper. Think of a
    living organism that you believe to be
    similar, and write that classification out
    next to the first. Compare and highlight
    how many classification groups they
    share.
    Binomial Nomenclature
    • Binomial Nomenclature - the formal system of naming species. (Bi = two, nomial =
    names)
    • The last two classification groups (genus and species) are used to create a unique
    name for each species.
    – Because we use two groups for the name, similar species will have similar names.
    – Example: Ursus arctos (Grizzly Bear) and Ursus maritimus (Polar Bear)
    – In a species name, only the Genus is capitalized.
    • Latin is the language used to make these names. Since it is no longer spoken
    anywhere, we do not have to worry about it changing.
    What evidence is used to
    classify?
    • Homologous • Similarities in
    (similar) Structures genes (DNA or
    – Ex: The bones in a protein sequence)
    bat’s wing are – Ex: Human and
    almost the same as Primate DNA is
    the bones in a 99% similar
    human hand
    • Similar Behaviors
    – Ex: All mammals
    nurse their young
    Evidence for Classification
    • Fossil Record: Past • Embryology: similar
    organisms studied development patterns
    through fossils in unborn of different
    – Ex: Trilobites and species
    horsehoe crabs – Ex: Dolphin limb buds
    • Hybridization: ability
    to successfully
    interbreed different
    species.
    – Ex: Zorse
    Homologous Structures
    Embryology
    Hybridization

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