// EARLY CHRISTIAN // CHURCHES // BASILICA // CATHEDRAL // CHRIST // HOLY //

Early Christian
l H.O.A 01l Architecture EARLY CHRISTIAN

// EARLY CHRISTIAN // NAIVE // CAMPANILE // CROSS // CHRISTIANITY // CHAPEL //

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Constantine
CONSTANTINE
-The First Emperor to Christianity-

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After Emperor Diocletian voluntarily stepped down the throne, his successors
began to struggle for control over the Roman Empire almost immediately, . . .

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WESTERN ROME
MAXENTIUS • CONSTANTINE & MAXENTIUS were
engaged in open hostility with one another
EASTERN ROME
CONSTANTINE

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WESTERN ROME
MAXENTIUS • the brains behind the BATTLE OF
MILVIANS where CONSTANTINE WON
EASTERN ROME
CONSTANTINE

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BATTLE OF MILVIANS BETWEEN CONSTANTINE AND MAXENTIUS

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This led CONSTANTINE to end the Tetrarchy and become the sole ruler of
the Roman Empire and marked the beginning of Constantine’s conversion to
CHRISTIANITY, , . . .

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Constantine had the vision sent by Christian God

interpreted as a promise of victory in the sign of CHI-RHO
as painted on the soldier’s shields

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CONSTANTINE SOLDIERS IN CHI-RHO SHIELD

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CHI-RHO
• X (chi)
• P (rho)
which both mean CHRIST in
GREEK

The symbol used by Roman

Emperor Constantine I as
vexillum

chi rho relief molding in Arch of Constantine

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CHRISTIANITY
• And CONSTANTINE THE GREAT
became the emperor of the western
part of the Roman empire after
defeating Maxentius and eventually
conquered the eastern part to once
again unify the Roman empire

• FIRST ROMAN EMPEROR TO

CONVERT TO CHRISTIANITY

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CHRISTIANITY

• Religion developed by followers of

Jesus of Nazareth

• Began as reforming sect of

Judaism whose members
regarded Jesus as the Messiah

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CHRISTIAN RELIGION before EMPEROR CONSTANTINE

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• CHRISTIAN RELIGION back in the days before Constantine was ILLEGAL

• Worship activities to devote their faith and belief to Jesus Christ were done
SECRETLY

• This form of belief was DISCREDIT and people in a Christian faith were
PERSECUTED

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Depiction of Christian persecution

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Christians worshipped in secret in hidden worship places

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TIMELINE OF CHRISTIANITY

• 29 A.D. The beginning of Christian Religion

• 286 A.D. Emperor Diocletian reorganized Roman Empire splitting it into

Eastern and Western

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• 313 A.D.
 Recognized Christianity and adapts it as a state religion
 Constantine gave Christians and unspecified “others” indulgence to
worship as they please
 Also mandated the return of property that had previously been confiscated

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Early Christian
EARLY CHRISTIAN
-The Extent of Christianity-

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ROMAN EMPIRE

• Western part became the

center of power and ROME, ITALY
architectural development

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Early Christian Architecture developed from existing architectural forms like the thermal
baths as baptisteries and SECULAR BASILICA became the CHRISTIAN BASILICA

*Secular Basilicas BEFORE Constantine were venues for appearance of emperor (God)

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EARLY CHRISTIAN CHARACTERISTICS/ FIGURES:Basilica

BASILICAChurch
CHURCH

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EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE further divided into two type;

• BASILICA CHURCH
• ALTERNATIVE CHURCH PLAN

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With Christianity accepted as a state religion in Rome, it became necessary

for its architecture to respond to their Christian faith and to provide worship
places demanded by this new religion

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TYPICAL CHURCH PARTS

10 10
1. Altar FOUNTAIN
2. Transept
3. Apse
4. Nave 5 2
5. Side Aisles
6. Narthex 8 7 6 4 1 3
7. Atrium
8. Gate House 9
9. Campanile 5 2
10. Chapel OLD SAINT PETER’S CHURCH PLAN

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TYPICAL CHURCH PARTS

10 10
1. Building
Altar used for Christian worship FOUNTAIN
2.hadTransept
to provide a path for processional
3. Apse entry and exit of the clergy
4. Naïve 5 2
5. Side Aisles
An altar area where a clergy
6. Narthexcelebrated8a mass, a7 space 6 4 1 3
7. Atriumsegregation for the clergy from
8. congregation
Gate House during9 the procession
9. Campanile and communion 5 2
10. Chapel OLD SAINT PETER’S CHURCH PLAN

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Old St. Peter’s had a wooden roof of interlocking rafters
TYPICAL CHURCH PARTS

1. Building
Altar used for Christian worship
2.hadTransept
to provide a path for processional
CLERESTOREY
3. Apse entry and exit of the clergy
4. Naïve
5. Side Aisles
An altar area where a clergy
6. Narthexcelebrated8a mass, a7 space 6
7. Atriumsegregation for the clergy from
8. congregation
Gate House during9 the procession
9. Campanile and communion
10. Chapel
OLD SAINT PETER’S CHURCH CROSS SECTION

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• Adaptation of Roman
CLERESTOREYS Basilica layout which is
suitable for mass
congregation

• The architecture of the

church was not
completely new styles
but the use of available
Roman forms to satisfy
new program

OLD SAINT PETER’S CHURCH

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• To add, St. Peter’s

was the first and
most important
Basilica Churches
built by Constantine
which took 30 years
to complete

• It was torn down in

the early 16th century
and replaced by New
St. Peters

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• The interior division of

space showing the
nave flanked by aisles
are adapted from
typical Roman
Basilica (A)

• It has a Transepts or
transverse enclosure
which is a common
feature that would
become traditional in
Christian churches (B)

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• The interior division of

space showing the
nave flanked by aisles
are adapted from
typical Roman
Basilica

• It has a Transepts or
transverse enclosure
which is a common
feature that would
become traditional in
Christian churches

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Saint Peter’s Early interpretation (comparative analysis) of the relative
Basilica locations of the Circus of Nero, Old Saint Peter and the
(today) current Saint Peter’s Basilica

Old Saint Peter

Circus of Nero

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SAINT COSTANZA CHURCH

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• Originally designed as
mausoleum of Constantine’s
daughter

• Was designed as centralized

monument, symmetrically in
plan with domed central
space

• Barrel vault was used to roof

the ambulatory

SAINT COSTANZA CHURCH

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• Originally designed as
mausoleum of Constantine’s
daughter

• Was designed as centralized

monument, symmetrically in
plan with domed central
space

• Barrel vault was used to roof

the ambulatory

SAINT COSTANZA CHURCH

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SAINT COSTANZA CHURCH

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CHURCH OF NATIVITY

• Originally commissioned in
327 by Constantine the Great
and his mother Helena on the
site that was traditionally
considered to be located over
the cave marking the
birthplace of Jesus

• That Church of the Nativity,

the original basilica, was
completed in 339 but it was
destroyed

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CHURCH OF NATIVITY

• A new basilica was built by

Justinian restoring the
architectural tone of the
original

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CHURCH OF NATIVITY

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CHURCH OF NATIVITY

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CHURCH OF NATIVITY

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CHURCH OF THE HOLY
SEPULCHRE

• Church contains, according to

traditions, the two holiest
sites in Christianity

• the site where Jesus of

Nazareth was crucified, at a
place known as "Calvary" or
"Golgotha", and Jesus' empty
tomb, where he is said to
have been buried and
resurrected

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The Hillside- which was dug to allow
CHURCH OF THE HOLY
a church to be built around the tomb
SEPULCHRE
Present Church (Holy Sepulchre)
• Church contains, according to
Burial Chambers
traditions, the two holiest
sites in Christianity
Rock of
• the site where Jesus of Golgotha
Nazareth was crucified, at a
place known as "Calvary" or
"Golgotha", and Jesus' empty
tomb, where he is said to Calvary Cross
have been buried and Christ’s
resurrected Tomb

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CHURCH OF THE HOLY
SEPULCHRE

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BAPTISTERY OF
CONSTANTINE
• founded by Pope Sixtus III in
440

• Only baptistery in Rome, and its

octagonal structure, centered
upon the large octagonal basin
for full immersions, provided a
model for others throughout
Italy, and even an iconic motif
of illuminated manuscripts, "The
fountain of Life"

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BAPTISTERY OF
CONSTANTINE

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BAPTISTERY OF
CONSTANTINE

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BAPTISTERY OF
CONSTANTINE

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BAPTISTERY OF
CONSTANTINE

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