Some Types of Events in Probability

SOME TYPES OF EVENTS IN
PROBABILITY
WHAT ARE EVENTS IN PROBABILITY?
A probability event can be defined as a set of outcomes of an experiment. In other words, an event in sample space. probability is the subset of the respective
WHAT IS SAMPLE SPACE?

The entire possible set of outcomes of a random experiment is the sample space or the individual space of that experiment. The likelihood of occurrence of an event is
known as probability. The probability of occurrence of any event lies between 0 and 1.
The sample space for the tossing of three coins simultaneously is given by:
S = {(T , T , T) , (T , T , H) , (T , H , T) , (T , H , H ) , (H , T , T ) , (H , T , H) , (H , H, T) ,(H , H , H)}
suppose, if we want to find only the outcomes which have at least two heads; then the set of all such possibilities can be given as:
E = { (H , T , H) , (H , H ,T) , (H , H ,H) , (T , H , H)}
thus, an event is a subset of the sample space, i.e., E is a subset of S.
There could be a lot of events associated with a given sample space. For any event to occur, the outcome of the experiment must be an element of the set of event E.
WHAT IS THE PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE OF AN EVENT?

The number of favorable outcomes to the total number of outcomes is defined as the probability of occurrence of any event. So, the probability that an event will occur
is given as:
P(E) = number of favorable outcomes/ total number of outcomes
TYPE OF EVENTS
it is now clear that events are subsets of sample space. It is essential to understand the difference between different types of events that can happen while performing
random experiments. This understanding of events helps us in calculating the probabilities for both simple and complex random experiments. We know that events are
basically set, so they can be classified based on the elements they have. The following list gives the different types of events:
1.SIMPLE EVENT
2.COMPOUND EVENT
3.EXHAUSTIVE EVENT
4.COMPLEMENTARY EVENTS
5.MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENT
6.PAIRWISE DISJOINT EVENT
Let’s See Them One By One.

Simple Event
Any event that comprises a single result from the sample space is known as a simple event.
For instance, the Sample space of rolling a die, S= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} and the event for getting less than 2, E= {1}, where E has a single result taken from the sample
space, Hence the event is a Simple event.
Compound Event
A Compound event is just opposite to what a simple event is, that is, any event that comprises more than a single result or more than a single point from the sample
space, that event is known as a Compound event.
For instance, S={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} and E= {3, 4, 5}, where E is a Compound event.
Exhaustive Event
Let us consider the experiment of throwing a die.
Sample space S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Assume that A, B and C are the events associated with this experiment. Also, let us define these events as:
A be the event of getting a number greater than 3
B be the event of getting a number greater than 2 but less than 5
C be the event of getting a number less than 3
We can write these events as:
A = {4, 5, 6}
B = {3, 4}
and C = {1, 2}
We observe that
A ⋃ B ⋃ C = {4, 5, 6} ⋃ {3, 4} ⋃ {1, 2} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} = S
Therefore, A, B, and C are called exhaustive events.
However, the probability of exhaustive events is equal to 1.
Complementary Event
For any event A, there exists another event A‘ which shows the remaining elements of the sample space S. A’ denotes the complementary event of A.
A’ = S – A.
Event A and A’ are mutually exclusive and exhaustive.
Consider the example of tossing a coin. Let P(E) denote the probability of getting a tail when a coin is tossed. Then,
Events
Mutually Exclusive Event
In probability theory, two events are said to be mutually exclusive if they cannot occur at the same time or simultaneously. In other words, mutually exclusive
events are called disjoint events. If two events are considered disjoint events, then the probability of both events occurring at the same time will be zero.
If A and B are the two events, then the probability of disjoint of event A and B is written by:
Probability of Disjoint (or) Mutually Exclusive Event = P ( A and B) = 0
In probability, the specific addition rule is valid when two events are mutually exclusive. It states that the probability of either event occurring is the sum of
probabilities of each event occurring. If A and B are said to be mutually exclusive events then the probability of an event A occurring or the probability of event B
occurring that is P (a ∪ b) formula is given by P(A) + P(B), i.e.,
•P (A Or B) = P(A) + P(B)
•P (A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B)
Note:
If the events A and B are not mutually exclusive, the probability of getting A or B that is P (A ∪ B) formula is given as follows:
P (A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P (A and B)
Pairwise Disjoint Event

We can proceed with the definition of a disjoint set to any group of sets. A collection of sets is pairwise disjoint if any two sets in the collection are disjoint. It is also
known as mutually disjoint sets.
Let P be the set of any collection of sets and A and B.
i.e. A, B ∈ P. Then, P is known as pairwise disjoint if and only if A ≠ B. Therefore, A ∩ B = ϕ
Examples:
•P = { {1}, {2, 3}, {4, 5, 6} } is a pairwise disjoint set.
•P = { {1, 2}, {2, 3} } is not pairwise disjoint, since we have 2 as the common element in two sets.
References:-
Lipschutz S., and Lipson M.L.: Probability (Schaum's Outline Series), TMH.
Mathematical Probability-----Banerjee, De, Sen
Engineering Mathematics-----B.K.Pal and K.Das
THANK YOU

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SOME TYPES OF EVENTS IN

WHAT IS SAMPLE SPACE?

WHAT IS THE PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE OF AN EVENT?

Let’s See Them One By One.

Pairwise Disjoint Event

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