Thu Yet Trinh

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY – HO CHI MINH CITY
HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT
SPECIALIZED PROJECT
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS SIMULATION FOR

STUDYING OF THE BUBBLE BEHAVIOR IN A 2D COLUM WITH
VOF MODEL
Instructor: Dr. Phạm Hồ Mỹ Phương
Student: Văn Xuân Thịnh
1
TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION RESULTS
1 3 FUTURE
SIMULATION RESEARCH
2 4
2
INTRODUCTION
1. OVERVIEW
Bubbly flow is of utmost importance in numerous industrial sectors such as chemical
processing, petroleum extraction, and nuclear power generation. The intricate
interfacial structures within bubbly flow arise from the intricate interplay between
diverse hydrodynamic forces and mechanisms of bubble coalescence and breakup.
Moreover, In the realm of industrial applications, the effective design of a multiphase
reactor hinges upon a precise comprehension of the bubble dynamics within the
bubbly flow. Among the various parameters, the shape of the bubbles holds utmost
significance as it plays a pivotal role in determining the transfer of gas and liquid at
the interphase. In order to predict flow phenomena in nuclear reactors, the volume of
fluid (VOF) method, based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique, has
been employed. In this method, a transport equation for volume fraction is solved
concurrently with a set of continuity and momentum equations across the entire
computational domain.
2. OBJECTIVE
The simulation of bubble flow using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model is a stepwise
process employed in computational fluid dynamics. Initially, a computational domain
is defined, taking into account the presence of bubbles, and a mesh is created to
accurately capture the complexities of the flow. The VOF model is selected as the
solver, enabling the tracking of liquid and gas volume fractions in each individual cell. Figure 1: Bubble flow image
It is crucial to validate the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model by comparing it with
experimental data in order to establish its accuracy and dependability.
3
INTRODUCTION
3. METHOD
Figure 2: Method for Ansys fluent simulation
4
INTRODUCTION
The availability of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools, along with a significant
increase in computational power at cost-effective rates, has made it more feasible to apply CFD
for gaining insights, enhancing existing models, and investigating the fundamental mechanics
to evaluate potentially dangerous situations. The prevalent foundation for most CFD tools is the
utilization of the Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations. Although the core components of the Navier-
Stokes equations remain consistent, additional terms can be introduced or omitted depending on
the particular physics being considered.
5
SIMULATION 2
6
SIMULATION
1. MATHEMATICAL MODEL
a) GOVERNING EQUATIONS
Based on the Navier-Stoke equation, Ansys Fluent consists of three main models
• Mass conservation equation
• Momentum conservation equation
• Energy conservation equation
7
SIMULATION
b) VOF MODEL
• Volume fraction equation
• The continuity equation in VOF model
• The momentum equation in VOF model
Where
8
SIMULATION
c) SURFACE TENSION
The transfer of surface tension into a body force acting on the interface is described by
following equation
Where
9
SIMULATION
d) TURBULENCE MODEL
• Standard k-ϵ model
With
• RNG k-ϵ model
• Realizable k-ϵ model
With
10
SIMULATION
2. GEOMETRY
Table 1: Dimension of the geometry
2D Plexiglass tank
Height x Width 918.5mm x 83.5mm
Orifice diameter 4mm
Distance between orifices 10mm
Pressure outlet
Wall
Wall
Inlet
Figure 3: Geometry of 2D Plexiglass tank
11
SIMULATION
3. MESHING
Table 2: Meshing of the Plexiglass tank
Type of mesh Quadrilateral
Number of nodes 303777

Number of elements 301807
Orthogonal quality 0.889
Skewness 4.1537x10-3
Figure 4: Meshing of 2D Plexiglass Figure 5: Meshing quality in ansys fluent

tank
12
SIMULATION
4. SET UP IN FLUENTS
Table 3: Physical properties and boundary condition set up
Physical properties of the chemicals
Nitrogen Glycerol
Density (kg/m3) 1.138 1263.7
Viscosity Pa.s 1.663.10-5 0.991
Surface tension (N/m) 0.067
Boundary condition
Boundary Phase Parameter Value
Inlet Nitrogen Mass flowrate (kg/s) 5.24.10-4
Outlet Mixture Gauge pressure (Pa) 0
13
SIMULATION
Table 4: Method and controls in Fluent

Pressure – Velocity coupling
Scheme PISO
Skewness correction 1
Neighbor correction 1
Spatial Discretization
Gradient Least Square Cell Based
Pressure PRESTO!
Momentum First Order Upwind
Turbulent Kinetic Energy Second Order Upwind
Turbulent Dispation Rate Second Order Upwind
Under – Relaxation Factors
Pressure 0.6
Momentum 0.4
14
RESULTS 3
15
RESULTS
1. EFFECT OF THREE TURBULENCE MODEL
Figure 6: Bubble behavior with different turbulence models a) Standard k-ε Model , b) Realizable k-ε
Model, c) RNG k-ε Model 16
RESULTS
2. EFFECT OF TIME STEP SIZE
Figure 7: Bubble behavior of RNG with different time step size a) Time step=0.0005s, b) Time
step=0.00025s, c) Time step= 0.0001s 17
FUTURE
4
PLAN
18
FUTURE PLAN
Number of tasks Work Time schedule
1 Investigating mathematical models in CFD Modeling & 09/2023

ANSYS software
2 Reviewing articles about VOF model and bubble 10/2023

behavior
3 Building geometry and doing meshing for this project 11/2023
4 Investigating the setup in Fluent for this project 12/2023
5 Validating the mesh condition for this project 01/2024
6 Studying the bubble behavior by changing factors 02, 03/2024

( viscosity, orifice diameter, mass flow rate, …)
7 Validating the results with the experimental results 04/2024
8 Writing the thesis 05/2024
19
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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY – HO CHI MINH CITY

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS SIMULATION FOR

Student: Văn Xuân Thịnh

Figure 2: Method for Ansys fluent simulation

• Momentum conservation equation

• Energy conservation equation

• The continuity equation in VOF model

• The momentum equation in VOF model

• Realizable k-ϵ model

Number of nodes 303777

Figure 4: Meshing of 2D Plexiglass Figure 5: Meshing quality in ansys fluent

Density (kg/m3) 1.138 1263.7

Viscosity Pa.s 1.663.10-5 0.991

Surface tension (N/m) 0.067

Boundary Phase Parameter Value

Inlet Nitrogen Mass flowrate (kg/s) 5.24.10-4

Outlet Mixture Gauge pressure (Pa) 0

Table 4: Method and controls in Fluent

Number of tasks Work Time schedule

1 Investigating mathematical models in CFD Modeling & 09/2023

2 Reviewing articles about VOF model and bubble 10/2023

4 Investigating the setup in Fluent for this project 12/2023

5 Validating the mesh condition for this project 01/2024

6 Studying the bubble behavior by changing factors 02, 03/2024

8 Writing the thesis 05/2024

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