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    Memory Management in OS

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    Khushi Lal

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    Memory Management in OS

    Uploaded by

    Khushi Lal
    12 views33 pages

    Original Title

    Memory Management in OS (1)

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    12 views33 pages

    Memory Management in OS

    Uploaded by

    Khushi Lal

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 33

    Logical and Physical Address Spaces

    A logical address space is the set of all addresses that a process can use to
    access memory. Logical addresses are virtual addresses, and they are mapped to
    physical addresses by the memory management system. The physical address
    space is the set of all addresses that correspond to physical memory locations.
    Memory Fragmentation
    Memory fragmentation refers to the inefficiencies in memory utilization that can occur
    over time. There are two types of memory fragmentation:

    4.5.1 External Fragmentation

    External fragmentation occurs when free memory is divided into small, non-contiguous
    blocks that cannot be used to accommodate a process even if the total free memory is
    sufficient. It reduces the overall memory utilization. Techniques such as compaction
    (moving processes in memory to create larger contiguous blocks of free memory) or
    paging can be used to mitigate external fragmentation.
    4.5.2 Internal Fragmentation

    Internal fragmentation occurs when memory is allocated in fixed-sized


    blocks, and the allocated block is larger than the actual memory
    requirement of the process. The unused portion of the allocated block
    creates wasted memory space. Techniques such as segmentation or
    dynamic memory allocation algorithms can help reduce internal
    fragmentation.
    S.NO Internal fragmentation External fragmentation

    In internal fragmentation fixed-sized memory, In external fragmentation, variable-sized memory blocks


    1. blocks square measure appointed to process. square measure appointed to the method.

    Internal fragmentation happens when the External fragmentation happens when the method or
    2. method or process is smaller than the memory. process is removed.

    The solution of internal fragmentation is the The solution to external fragmentation is compaction and
    3. best-fit block. paging.

    Internal fragmentation occurs when memory is External fragmentation occurs when memory is divided
    4. divided into fixed-sized partitions. into variable size partitions based on the size of processes.

    The difference between memory allocated and The unused spaces formed between
    5. required space or memory is called Internal non-contiguous memory fragments are too small to serve
    fragmentation. a new process, which is called External fragmentation.

    Internal fragmentation occurs with paging and External fragmentation occurs with segmentation and
    6. fixed partitioning. dynamic partitioning.

    It occurs on the allocation of a process to a It occurs on the allocation of a process to a partition


    partition greater than the process’s requirement.
    7. The leftover space causes degradation system
    greater which is exactly the same memory space as it is
    required.
    performance.

    8. It occurs in worst fit memory allocation method. It occurs in best fit and first fit memory allocation method.

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